Effects Of Fermented Broussonetia Papyrifera On Production Performance,Lipid Metabolism,Intestinal Health And Follicular Development Of The Peak Layer

As a natural feed plant,Broussonetia papyrifera has high nutritional value and is a potential feed protein resource.Its own bioactive substances also have certain pharmacological and health-care functions.The purpose of this experiment is to study the effects of fermented Broussonetia papyrifera（FBP）on the production performance,lipid metabolism,intestinal microbial colony composition and follicular development of the peak-layer,and comprehensively evaluate the application value and prospects of FBP in the breeding industry of laying hens.A total of 288 healthy23-weeks-old Hyline browns were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 8 replicates in each group and 12 hens in each replicate.The hens in the control group was fed a basal diet,the test group I and the test groupⅡwere fed basal diet supplemented with1%and 5%FBP,respectively.The experiment lasted for 54 days after 7 days per-experiment.The results show that:2Test 1:Compared with the control group,after adding FBP,the average daily feed intake（ADFI）,the feed/egg ratio and the yolk color of each test group were significantly increased（P<0.05）.Compared with the control group,the average egg weight of test group II were significantly increased,and the shell ratio and the shell thickness were significantly decreased（P<0.05）.Different doses of FBP had significant effect on eggshell weight.Compared with group I,the eggshell weight of group II decreased significantly（P<0.05）.Test 2:Compared with the control group,the test groupⅡsignificantly reduced the triglyceride（TG）content,increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）content and the aspartate aminotransferase（AST）activity in the serum（P<0.05）.Test group I and test group II down-regulated the expression of acetyl-Co A carboxylase（ACC）and fatty acid synthetase（FAS）in liver tissues,while up-regulating the expression of liver X receptors（LXRs）（P<0.05）.The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα（PPARα）in test group I was also significantly down-regulated compared with the control group（P<0.05）.Test 3:There was no significant difference in the intestinal morphology of duodenum,jejunum and ileum among the three test groups（P>0.05）.There were no significant differences in Shannon,Chao1,Simpson and ACE index between test group I,test group II and control group（P>0.05）.In addition,PCo A and UPGMA analysis also showed that the total number of species,community diversity and species distribution uniformity of the cecal microbial system of the three test groups were similar.At the phylum level,the abundance of Spirochaetota in the test group decreased significantly（P<0.05）,and the abundance of Spirochaetota decreased significantly with the increase of FBP（P=0.01）.At the genus level,compared with the control group,the abundance of Megamonas in the test group I,the abundance of Candidatus＿Stoquefichus and Bacteroides in the test group II decreased significantly（P<0.05）,and the abundance of[Ruminococcus]＿torques＿group increased significantly in the test group II（P<0.05）.With the increase of the dosage of FBP,the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium also increased significantly（P<0.05）.Test 4:Compared with the control group,the serum levels of estradiol（E₂）,progesterone（PG）,luteinizing hormone（LH）,follicle stimulating hormone（FSH）and prolactin（PRL）in the test group were not significantly different（P>0.05）,but compared with the test group II,the PG content in the test group I was significantly increased（P<0.05）.The proportion of the large yellow follicle（F₂）in the test group I and the follicles in oviduct（F₁）in the test groupⅡwas significantly reduced（P<0.05）,and the proportions of other grades of follicles were not significantly different（P>0.05）.Compared with the control group and the test group II,the ovarian index of the test group I was significantly decreased（P<0.05）,and the gene expression of ESR,FSHR,LHR,PGR and PRLR in this group was significantly down-regulated（P<0.05）.The expression of B-cell lymphoma-2（Bcl-2）in group I was significantly down-regulated compared with the control group（P<0.05）,but the expression of BAX in each group did not change significantly（P>0.05）.FBP can improve the ADFI,the feed/egg ratio and the yolk color of laying hens.It is beneficial to maintain the serum cholesterol balance and prevent fatty liver syndrome by inhibiting the expression of lipid synthesis gene and increasing the content of HDL-C.The FBP can significantly reduce the abundance of harmful bacteria without affecting the stability of the intestinal microbial system and the intestinal morphological structure.Further,5%FBP can significantly increase the average egg weight and 1%FBP can promote the development of follicular cells.In summary,it is suggested that adding 5%FBP to the diet is beneficial to improve the production performance of the peak layer.