Research On Grammar Of Shiqi Dialect In Zhongshan City,Guangdong Province

Zhongshan City,Guangdong Province,is a rural area which has very multifarious Chinese dialect.Cantonese,Fujian dialect and Hakka dialect is distributed in Zhongshan city,among which Cantonese is spoken by the largest number of people.In the wars of the Southern Song Dynasty,a large number of people moved south from Central Plains and Jiangnan to Zhongshan,local dialects also flow in.In the long-term social life and production,dialects contact with each other,appear compatible phenomenon,the dialect of Zhongshan is changing gradually,which are different from those of the original moving out place.Due to the different location of the immigrants,the different distribution of Cantonese,Min and Hakka areas in Zhongshan dialect is formed.Zhongshan is a big family of dialects,forms the characteristics of "phonetics are different from villages".Shiqi dialect in Zhongshan is one of the earliest Cantonese in ancient Xiangshan,it can be basically divided into two aspects,one has pinch of mouth rhyme in the city proper and vicinity that has dialect with the same characteristics,the other doesn’t have pinch of mouth rhyme.At present,the academic research achievements of Shiqi dialect in Zhongshan are mainly focused on the phonetic and lexical aspects of Shiqi dialect,the research achievements on the grammar of Shiqi dialect are relatively few.Therefore,this paper takes the Shiqi dialect with pinch of mouth rhyme as the description object,it describes and analyzes the characteristic grammatical phenomenon of Shiqi dialect in Zhongshan,such as affix,superposition,type category,common sentences.This paper bases on synchronic description,uses the methods of fieldwork,introspection and comparison,compares Shiqi dialect in zhongshan with Cantonese and Mandarin,reveals the grammatical features of Shiqi dialect,points out the basic features of syntactic system,and enriches the corpus of the comparative study of Chinese dialects.The main body of the article includes four parts,the content words,function words,word order and common sentence patterns of Shiqi dialect in zhongshan.The content word part compares and analyzes the noun,verb,adjective,numeral,quantifier,pronoun and adverb in Shiqi dialect.Among them,the content words part focuses on the following aspects,the ability and form of noun affix in Shiqi dialect in Zhongshan,such as prefix “t?i-(第-)”,“tsh?-(初-)”,“a-(阿-)“,“ka-(家-)” and suffix “-ts?i(-仔)”,“-lou(佬)”,“-ko?(-公)”,“-ph?(-婆)”,“-na(-乸)”,“-ny(-女)”,“-mui(-妹)”,and the meaning and usage of verbs,adjectives and the superposition of quantifiers,special collocation and special quantifier in quantifier system,characteristic pronoun system and adverb system..The function words mainly involve prepositions,conjunctions,auxiliary words and modal words.This part mainly analyzes the collocation of prepositions,progressive aspect,durative aspect,perfective aspect and so on.This part also describes and analyzes the modal words in and at the end of the sentence which are commonly used in Shiqi dialect.The difference of meaning is made especially to the different tones of the same words at the end of the sentence.It also analyzes and compares the differences in the expressive ability of emotion in practical pragmatic communication.The word order part mainly starts from the postposition word order.It describes the phenomenon of order the rear in Shiqi dialect,such as morpheme postposition,adverbial postposition,subject postposition,object postposition,by comparing with the word order of Mandarin.These special grammatical phenomena are characterized by dialect.The part of common sentence patterns includes “i?u(有)” sentence,passive sentence,negative sentence,interrogative sentence and comparative sentence and so on.This part describes two expressions of "i?u(有)+ VP" and "VP + i?u(有)" in the "i?u(有)" sentence,also shows the dialect characteristics of disposal sentence and passive sentence in Shiqi dialect,enumerates and analyzes the negative sentences with different meanings contained in different negative words,describes different types of questions,describes and analyzes the geometric sentence,the comparative construction and the extreme comparison sentence of Shiqi dialect in zhongshan with comparing with Mandarin.