| Biography of lienvzhuan is a biographical historical book about the deeds of ancient Chinese women compiled by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty.Because it is a historical material compiled in the late Western Han Dynasty,it is an important document for the study of Chinese history.At present,there are few studies on the language of lienvzhuan,and there are no special books and papers on the adverbs of lienvzhuan.This paper chooses the adverbs in biography of lienvzhuan as the research object,and mainly describes the complete profile of the adverbs in biography of lienvzhuan from the semantic features,syntactic functions and pragmatic functions of the adverbs.The paper is divided into five parts:The first part is the introduction,which briefly introduces the origin of the research topic of the adverbs in biography of lienvzhuan,the current situation of the research and the criteria for determining the adverbs.On this basis,it discusses the "three plane theories"-semantics,syntax,pragmatics,as well as the research methods of the combination of synchronic and diachronic,qualitative and quantitative,description and analysis.The second part and the third part are mainly synchronic description of adverbs in biography of lienvzhuan.There are 190 adverbs in lienvzhuan,including 167 monosyllabic adverbs and 23 polysyllabic adverbs,which can be divided into nine categories: range adverbs,degree adverbs,time adverbs,no ban adverbs,frequency adverbs,mood adverbs,related adverbs,situation adverbs and modesty adverbs.It can be seen that lienvzhuan has a relatively complete adverb system.In view of these nine kinds of adverbs,we mainly analyze the meaning and usage of each kind of adverbs from the aspects of semantics,syntactic position and pragmatics,and attach a systematic and intuitive usage statistics table to compare the differences in individual quantity,grammatical function and usage frequency of each kind of adverbs,and then summarize and summarize the semantic characteristics and usage characteristics of each kind of adverbs in detail.The fourth part mainly summarizes the characteristics of the adverb system inbiography of lienvzhuan.In terms of grammar,the adverbs in lienvzhuan embody the basic grammatical features of adverbs,which are often used as adverbials before verbs,nouns and adjectives,and sometimes as complements.Semantically,the meaning of adverbs mainly refers to the subject or object of syntactic components.In terms of pragmatics,the adverbs in biography of lienvzhuan have the pragmatic functions of emphasis,subjective comment and cohesion.In addition,we also discuss the phenomenon of conjunction and internal category of adverbs in biography of lienvzhuan.Among them,the adverb combination is only the juxtaposition of two synonyms,with the strongest ability of free combination of negative adverbs;the ability of both monosyllabic adverbs and high grammaticalization of adverbs is strong,which is closely related to the semantics,modifying objects and internal grammaticalization process of adverbs.The fifth part is a comparative study of the adverbs in biography of lienvzhuan and the study of adverbs in Yan family instructions.It can be seen that the development of adverbs from the Western Han Dynasty to the southern and Northern Dynasties has the characteristics of inheritance,stability and development.The conclusion part is a summary of the previous chapters,which comprehensively summarizes the semantic,grammatical and pragmatic features of the adverbs in biography of lienvzhuan,hoping to be helpful for the interpretation of ancient books and the study of Chinese language on this basis. |
