A Monographic Study On The Xuanren In Northern Song Dynasty

The division of "official ranks(Guan)" and "duties(Chaiqian)" is a major feature of the civil official system in the Northern Song Dynasty.After the An-Shi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty,there were many vassals(Fanzhen),and the trial titles(Shiguan)and part-time titles(Jianguan)were generally awarded to the staff of the aides.Therefore,the official titles of the basic-level civil officials at that time showed the phenomenon of separation of "Guan" and "post(Zhi)".On the surface,this system was inherited by the Five Dynasties and Song Dynasty and lasted until the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.However,Fanzhen system on which its emergence and survival depended has gradually disintegrated in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty.At that time,the personnel authority was also returned to the central government.In the context of this era,although the division of "Guan" and " Chaiqian"can also be seen from the grassroots civil officials(ie,"Xuanren")in the Northern Song Dynasty,the situation at this time is quite different from the previous era.This thesis takes the phenomenon of the division of "Guann and "Chaiqian" in the Northern Song Dynasty as the research object.Through combing its evolutionary context between the Tang and Song Dynasties,it clarifies the reasons for the division of "Guan" and"Chaiqian" in the Northern Song Dynasty.It is hoped that it will be helpful to break through the simplistic understanding brought about by the theory of" Song Dynasty inherits Tang Dynasty system ".And helping advance the research on the civil service system of the Song Dynasty.Since Song Taizu promulgated the "Conditions for the Participation of Shaoyin and Muzhi officials" in the second year of Qiande(AD 964),a system of" Muzhizhouxian officials ",ranging from Liangshizhiguan to Pansibuwei,has gradually formed,which is the future "Xuanren ’ s Seventh-rank ".In fact,at the beginning of the design of this system,it was not a "tailor-made" official rank for the selection of candidates,but an"Approach" for reference.However,in the operation of the system,due to the relationship between places and officials or the officials themselves are affected by factors such as rewards and demotions,goverment often require an "identity" that is higher or lower than their actual positions.Therefore,in these officials,the division of"Guan" and " Chaiqian" is shown.On the other hand,for various reasons,the ruler has set up a large number of "temporary" assignments(a considerable number of temporary assignments have become routine in the future,such as financial officials),and Xuanren is in these positions.When dispatched,the court would grant these officials a "Guan"as a basis for their relocation in the future.Under the influence of the above two reasons,the official titles of the candidates in the Northern Song Dynasty showed the characteristics of "confusion and confusion".Until the Song Huizong reign,the court adopted Deng Xunwu’s suggestion to transform the seventh-ranked "Guan" into a San titles,which completely reversed the division of the"Guan" and "Chaiqian" in the Song Dynasty.