The Research On The Diachronic Development Of Borrowed Action Measure Words

By searching the corpus,the author investigates five kinds of borrowed action measure words in the perspective of historical research,sorting out the historical development of these kinds of borrowed action measure words and summarizing the rules.This paper does not discuss the time action measure words because of its ambiguity.In the selection of individual cases or the whole parts,the author chooses classification processing,which is not only in line with the internal situation of all kinds of borrowed action measure words,but also more targeted.In theory and research methods,the author uses metonymy mechanism in cognitive linguistics to analyze the specific borrowing mechanism of action measure words,and uses diachronic investigation method to conduct in-depth comparative study.Human organ action measure words are borrowed from organ nouns.When a person uses a human organ noun to perform an action,the "human organ" is very prominent in the process of action,which is closely related to the action and can be used as a momentum marker.There are 15 commonly used organ momentum words."Mouth" was gradually used as a word of momentum in the Qing Dynasty,and it has continued to be used until today.It was also in Qing Dynasty that "leg" evolved into action measure word.Before that,"leg" was borrowed as a Noun Measure Words to modify meats.Tools Verbal Measure Words were borrowed in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.,developing in the Tang Song period,further developing in the Yuan Ming Qing period,and being mature in the modern era.The number of Accompanying Verbal measure words is small,but stable."Sound" has been used as a momentum word in the Six Dynasties,"step" has been transformed into a dynamic quantifier in the Song Dynasty,"Cheng" has been a kind of measurement walking action since ancient times.As a noun quantifier,it can measure not only mileage but also duration."Quan" was used as a quantifier later,the usage of noun quantifier originated in Song Dynasty,and was borrowed as a tool momentum word temporarily in Ming Dynasty.The cause and effect momentum words "jump" and "Jing" had the use of momentum words in the Southern Song Dynasty,and "roll" could be used as a measure word in the Northern Song Dynasty.There are three types of isomorph Verbal measure expressions:V+noun or pronoun+一+V,V+一+V,V+一+V+noun,among which V+noun or pronoun+numeral+V appeared in Tang Dynasty and flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties.The pronouns in it first have notional reference,and then become meaningless,which laid the foundation for the appearance of "V+一+V" pattern in Song Dynasty.In the Yuan Dynasty,"V+一V+noun" appeared again.The position changing of the object from left to right accords with the usage law of momentum word itself.The use of "一V+V" in modern Chinese is only limited to spoken language.The diachronic choice of Chinese momentum word order is that momentum is located behind the verb.On the cognitive level of synchrony,the construction of "Verb+quantity" word order is more in line with the principle of time order.Compared with the "action+quantity" construction,it has a variety of expression functions,not only highlighting the action situation,but also expressing the subjective quantity.It is precisely because of its special discourse pragmatic function that it remains in modern Chinese as an unconventional expression of momentum,and this variation of isomorphic momentum still has its application.