A Study Of "De Le" And "Le De" At The End Of The Sentence

There are many ways to express the mood in the Chinese mood system,and the ways they co-occur in the sentences are diverse and flexible.Take modal particles and modal adverbs as examples,it can be the co-occurrence of a single modal adverb and a modal particle at the end of a sentence,or a co-occurrence of a single modal adverb with a modal particle at the end of a sentence,or a co-occurrence of multiple modal adverbs with a modal particle at the end of a sentence and so on.We try to select the atypical sentence ending modal particles"de"and"le",research the combination of"de le"and"le de"at the end of the sentence with other modal particles and the co-occurrence of modal adverbs,focus on the compatibility mode of the modal components at the end of the sentence"de le"and"le de"with modal adverbs,summarize the basic characteristics of the compatible mode,study the types of mood fusion in this mode and explain the common mood function of different mood expression methods in the compatible mode.It is generally believed that"de"in modern Chinese has two attributes:structural particles and modal particles."Le"can be divided into"le₁"and"le₂".As the modal particles,"de"and"le"（le₂）have the function of transmitting messages,expressing affirming and confirming mood.Among them,"le"mainly means affirming an existing fact（informing a new situation）,and"de"mainly means right confirmation of facts.When"de"and"le"are used together at the end of a sentence,there are two forms:"de le"and"le de".The group of"de le"has three situations:1.Structural particle"de"+"le₂";2.Modal particle"de"+"le₂";3.Modal particle and structural particle"de"+"le₂"."le de"also have three situations:1."le₁"+structural particle"de";2."le₁"+modal particle"de";3."le₂"+modal particle"de".We mainly focus on the situation where the modal particle"de"and the modal particle"de"are used together at the end of a sentence.Through an exhaustive investigation of the closed corpus and the Peking University Modern Chinese corpus,we have discovered four characteristics of the compatibility mode of"de le"and"le de"at the end of the sentence with modality adverbs:hierarchy,jurisdiction,symmetry and asymmetry.The hierarchical feature is reflected in the modality adverbs and the ending mood components of the sentence are not linearly arranged combined elements,but belong to different hierarchical structures,and the radiation range of the tone is not the same.The jurisdictional characteristics refer to the differences in the size of the tone jurisdiction of different tone components.It is generally believed that the modal particle at the end of a sentence is closer to the outer layer of the sentence than the modal adverb,and has a broader scope.However,research has found that there are also cases where the sentence at the beginning of the modal adverb dominates the whole sentence.When the sentence focuses on the speaker’s modality,the modality adverb becomes the highlight object and dominates the mood of the sentence.The specific manifestation of the characteristic of symmetry is:certain modality adverbs that can co-occur with the"de le"at the end of the sentence can also co-occur with the"le de"at the end of the sentence,mainly including confirming and guessing modality adverbs.The characteristics of asymmetry is embodied in:some modal adverbs co-occur extremely strongly with the"de le"at the end of the sentence,and very weakly co-occur with the"le de"at the end of the sentence,which is specifically expressed as the number and the total amount are unbalanced of modal adverbs co-occurring with them.Due to the similarities and differences in the semantic features of modal adverbs and modal particles,they form an intensified,subtractive,and compound fusion mode respectively.The means of mood expression and intonation affect the mood of the sentence together.The pragmatic functions of compatible models include:double commentary,contrast highlighting,and the language psychology of"seeking completeness"and"seeking stability".Under the condition of co-occurrence,on the one hand,modality adverbs comment on the mood of the sentence from the subjective modality of the speaker,and modal particles comment on the mood of the sentence from the communicative function of the sentence.Together,the two make the tone expression of the sentence more accurate and safe.On the other hand,the co-occurrence form makes the tone focus of the sentence more prominent in the comparison.Finally,due to the psychological state of the speaker"seeking completeness"and"seeking stability",language expression no longer obeys the economic principle.