Research On The Changes Of Confucian Temple In Lanzhou Area

The Lanzhou area includes the entire territory of today’s Lanzhou City and the surrounding Lintao County and Linxia City.The area is located in northwest China.It has a rich and splendid Yellow River culture,frontier fortress culture and Silk Road culture.It is an important military center and transportation hub in the northwestern region.Historically,Confucian Temples in this area were very prosperous,and there are relatively many existing relics.They are important urban cultural heritage.The Confucian Temple is a place to worship Confucius and the ancestors of Confucianism.Under the ancient system of “integration of temples and schools”,it has two core functions: worshiping Confucius and government-run education.Among the six Confucian temples in Lanzhou area,the Lanzhou Fu Confucian Temple and the Hezhou Confucian Temple were built in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Mongolian Khanate,respectively.The Jin County Confucian Temple was built no later than the first year of Taiding in the Yuan Dynasty(1324).The establishment time of Didaozhou Confucian Temple,Pingfan County Confucian Temple and Gaolan County Confucian Temple are clearly recorded,belonging to the Yuan,Ming,and Qing dynasties.From the Northern Song Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty,these six Confucian Temples have undergone many reconstructions,additions or remodeling.Natural damage and war damage were the main reasons for the reconstruction of the Confucian Temple,while national policies,Feng Shui ideas,and sacrificial culture led to the addition and remodeling of the Confucian Temple Key factor.In general,the Yuan Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty was the period of great development of the Confucian Temple in Lanzhou area.With the promotion of the state,the attention of local officials,and the support of the squires and students,the Confucian Temple was rebuilt,added and remodeled many times.The scale gradually expanded,the layout was gradually optimized,and the functions were gradually enriched.It reached its peak in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.However,after entering modern times,the social crisis and ethnic conflicts have deepened,and the limitations of Confucianism have gradually emerged.Coupled with the destruction of war and man-made demolition,the scale of the Confucian Temple in Lanzhou area has gradually shrunk during repeated repairs,and then declined,And finally transformed into modern educational places,public cultural places,handicraft places,or still retain the function of worshiping Confucius.In traditional societies,most Confucian temples are built near the core area of the city,very close to the government office,and are easily valued by local officials.Although Hezhou Confucian Temple and Pingfan County Confucian Temple have undergone many relocations,they have not undergone major changes compared to the urban core area.After the Confucian Temple in Gaolan County was moved to the high mountain in the northern part of the city,it was far away from the core area of the city,so tourists were scarce.Although the other three Confucian Temples have not undergone absolute position changes,the environment around them has undergone major changes.Although there are only three Confucian temples in Lanzhou area,they are unique in structure and have strong local characteristics.Compared with Anqing Fu,Jiangning Fu,and Wuchang Fu,where culture and education were developed in the Qing Dynasty,there are more Confucian temples preserved in Lanzhou area.The reasons can be summarized as three points:geographical advantages,continuation of educational functions,and correct cultural relic protection measures.