A Study On The Comparison Of Word Formation Between Chinese And Pashto And Teaching Chinese As A Foreign Language

The proposal of "One Belt and One Road" initiative has strengthened the cooperation and exchanges between China and countries in Asia,Europe and Africa,having brought brand-new development opportunities for the education of overseas students in China,and having greatly promoted the development of the education of overseas students in China.Among these students,the number of overseas students from Pakistan and Afghanistan is in the majority.After the students who come from Pakistan and Afghanistan come to China,they need to learn the courses about Chinese to improve their communicative competence in Chinese.Vocabulary,as a basic component of language,is an indispensable part of language learning and an important foundation of language communication.The author found that the mother-tongue of those students who come from Pakistan and Afghanistan is Pashto.Therefore,this article will dedicate to finding the differences and similarities of word formation between Chinese and Pashto by comparing them,which in order to explore teaching strategies of Chinese vocabulary and improve Chinese vocabulary learning efficiency for Chinese language learners whose mother-tongue is Pashto.This thesis is divided into four chapters,and the main research contents are as follows:The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly elaborates the reasons and significance of this thesis,the research status of this topic at home and abroad,the language conditions of Pakistan and Afghanistan,the overview of Pashto language,and includes the research objectives,contents and methods of this paper.The second chapter mainly analyzes the word formation characteristics of Chinese and Pashto,taking single-morpheme word and compound word as the starting point.In the section of Chinese word formation analysis,this thesis mainly adopts Ge Benyi’s classification of Chinese word formation,combing with the types of Chinese word formation which classified by Huang Borong and Liao Xudong,and the definitions of derivatives by Ye Peisheng and Xu Tongqiang.In Chinese section,this thesis firstly analyses the characteristics of Chinese single-morpheme-word’s formation.Then mainly analyses the methods of compound-word’s formation,including composite-word formation,reduplicated-word formation,derivatives formation and abbreviation-word formation,which composed only with root morphemes or combined root morphemes with affix morphemes.In the section of Pashto word formation analysis,this thesis bases on the classification name of Chinese word formation,mainly analyses the methods of single-morpheme word and compound word in Pashto.In Pashto section,the analytic targets of single-morpheme word include transliterations of foreign words and bi-syllable single-morpheme word,and the analytic targets of compound word formation include composite-word formation,reduplicated-word formation,derivatives formation,which composed only with root morphemes or combined root morphemes with affix morphemes.The third chapter mainly compares and analyzes the similarities and differences of word formation between Chinese and Pashto in terms of single-morpheme word and compound word.The results show that there are many similarities and differences between the two languages in word formation of single-morpheme word and compound word.In terms of similarities: first,both Chinese and Pashto have monophonic words,duplicated words,transliterated loanwords and onomatopoeia words in single-morpheme word;second,both Chinese and Pashto have composite-word,reduplicated-word,derivatives in compound words.And according to the internal structure of composite words,the words of joint structure,partial-central structure and subject-predicate structure are all included in the two languages.In terms of differences: first,the formation of single-morpheme words in Chinese are richer than that in Pashto,and the two languages are not equivalent in terms of the number of syllables in word formation;second,there are great differences between Chinese and Pashto in the word formation of compound words,which are mainly reflected in four aspects including the internal structure of words,morpheme properties of words,affix productivity and morphological changes.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the Chinese lexical errors from Chinese language learners whose mother language is Pashto,analyzing the practical application value in the contrastive study of word-formation between Chinese and Pashto in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.Using comparative-analysis method of word formation between Chinese and Pashto to explore the teaching strategies of Chinese single-morpheme words and compound words,which in order to improve the efficiency of the Chinese vocabulary learning.