| Fengguo Temple is located in Yi County,Liaoning province.Its Daxiong Palace is one of the few remaining wooden buildings of liao Dynasty,which shows the historical and artistic styles of Liao Dynasty and is also a key national cultural relic protection unit.The paintings preserved in his main hall are large in scale,relatively intact,and have not been repainted,still maintaining the vivid tones and the integrity of the painting as a whole.The colourful paintings of flying aprons in Liang Jia of Fengguo Temple are the most well-preserved,the most exquisite and the most abundant in composition among all the existing flying aprons in Fengguo Temple.They are all over 6 meters high,and it is difficult to clean and protect them.Therefore,they have not been included in the list of several repairs of Fengguo Temple.However,after thousands of years,affected by environmental and human factors,the preservation of color paintings is facing a threat,so it is urgent to carry out disease investigation and pigment analysis of color paintings.In this paper,liang Jia feitian painting in Fengguo Temple is taken as the research object.Through the investigation of the preservation environment of the current color painting in liao Dynasty,the external environmental factors influencing the disease of color painting are clarified.Through disease investigation,disease map drawing and disease area statistics,the present preservation status of color painting was investigated and evaluated to provide a basis for further analysis of the mechanism of color painting disease.The inorganic fillers and color coating layers were detected by polarized light microscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and micro Raman spectroscopy.Finally,combining with the environmental investigation and the existing survey data of color painting diseases,the paper discusses the causes of color painting diseases,including internal and external causes,in order to provide the basis for the further protection and preservation of color painting.The investigation results show that the main hall of Fengguo Temple is in a semi-open environment with large temperature difference and polarization of indoor and outdoor dryness and humidity,and a high degree of environmental instability.Meanwhile,human activities such as smoke and fire,animal reproduction and excretion also have an irreversible impact on the preservation of color paintings.The main disease types of the liangji Feitian paintings in Fengguo Temple are pigment layer shedding,fumigation,color fading and discoloration of pigment layer,cracks,biological diseases and damage caused by human factors,etc.The total area of the disease can reach 41.7% of the total area,but the damage degree is low and no destructive disease occurs.The overall preservation status of the color paintings is relatively stable.On the scientific analysis of the colored pattern of the results show that the space frame painting in the temple the part adopts a linen five ash’s production process,the inorganic filler parts through analysis containing quartz,plagioclase montmorillonite,potassium feldspar,illite,hornblende,contain a lot of metal oxide at the same time,you should use the local soil as raw materials;The pigment analysis results of the color paintings show that the red pigments are lead red and cinnabar.The white pigments are chalky and lead-white and may contain a white arsenic compound;The black pigment is carbon black;The blue pigment is lapis lazuli,the green pigment is lapis lazuli and basic copper chloride.The yellow pigment is stone yellow and should be used with a mixture of diurnal and realgar.This paper provides material support for further exploration of the pigment source and technical characteristics of the paintings of liao Dynasty,and also provides reliable data for further preservation and protection of the paintings. |
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