Study On The Changes Of The Urban System In The Areas Along The Yellow River In Ningxia From The Ming And Qing Dynasties To The Early Republic Of China

The town has been formed,developed and perfected continuously in time and space,and has historical inheritance.The basic pattern of the urban system along the Yellow River area of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is developed and evolved based on the urban system in different historical periods.The location and development of ancient Chinese towns mainly depend on the natural geographical conditions,and the rise and development of towns will also have an impact on the political,economic and cultural aspects of the region.The Yellow River has bred Chinese civilization,and has formed many towns on both sides of its river basin.It is of great significance to study the urban history to explore the relationship between the Yellow River and its coastal towns and analyze the influence of the Yellow River on the urban system.Ningxia is located in the northwest arid and semi-arid area,and is located in the traditional farming area of the upper Yellow River Basin.As the earliest irrigation area of Yellow River,since Qin and Han Dynasties,there have been towns in this area,but compared with inland and coastal areas,the economy is relatively backward and the level of urban development is relatively low.The town system along the Yellow River in Ming Dynasty was mainly used to resist the invasion of Mongolian tribes in the north.The Yellow River provided a natural military defense line for it,and formed a military defense town system which took Ningxia town city on the West Bank of the Yellow River as the center and Lingzhou city as the secondary center on the east bank.The Weisuo,the guard thousand houses,the affiliated cities and Tunbao towns are built along the river,and they play a military defense role depending on the superior geographical conditions.However,the military functions of the towns are affected by the water disasters in the Yellow River Basin,and the urban system has changed greatly.Based on the Ningxia town system in Ming Dynasty,the town system with Ningxia Fucheng as the core in Qing Dynasty was no longer a single military function town system.The development of the trade market between Mongolia and Han Dynasties and the water transportation of the Yellow River made the area form a commercial trade town system centered on Ningxia government.In the period of the Republic of China,Ningxia along the Yellow River region became a commercial center in Northwest China by virtue of its superior geographical location,relying on the Yellow River water transportation and highway and railway development.It formed a multi-center urban system with Ningxia,Wuzhong,Zhongwei and Shizuizi as the core,and the development of the towns entered the modernization.The Yellow River water transport also led to the integration and development of Ningxia and the urban system in the upper and lower reaches.This paper analyzes the development characteristics and process of Ningxia’s urban system along the Yellow River in different historical periods of Ming Dynasty,Qing Dynasty and Republic of China,summarizes the differences of urban system development in different historical periods,and grasps the overall context of the development and evolution of the urban system along the Yellow River in Ningxia.It can be seen that Huanghe plays an important role in the formation and evolution of the urban system,and also has certain constraints and conclusions In combination with other factors such as region,topography,ethnic group and population,Ningxia along the Yellow River gradually formed a unique coastal urban system distribution pattern.