Study On Agricultural Radiation Area Centered On Shangjing In Liao Dynasty

The Liao Dynasty was founded by the Khitan people in the north of China in ancient times.Different from the ethnic regimes in the grasslands in the past,the Liao Dynasty adopted the strategy of farming and animal husbandry in its economic structure,showing the characteristics of adapting measures to local conditions.Especially in the Upper Capital of Liao Dynasty,it was a pastoral area of northern ethnic groups in history.Starting from the Liao Dynasty,the Upper Capital area of the Liao Dynasty began to build prefectures and counties,and to organize people and implement agricultural development.Based on relevant historical documents and archaeological data,this paper explores the agricultural development conditions(reasons),agricultural development conditions,agricultural production,storage and processing technology and the influence of agricultural development in the Upper Capital of Liao Dynasty and other areas.First of all,the agricultural development conditions in the Upper Capital of Liao Dynasty were comprehensively analyzed.Both the natural environment and the cultural environment in Upper Beijing of Liao Dynasty were suitable for agricultural development.Natural environment:Liao Dynasty was in the third warm period of China in 5000 years,and the temperature was warmer than modern times.The terrain is gentle and open for cultivation.Abundant water sources,to make up for the shortcomings of uneven precipitation.Humanistic environment and nomadic economy are affected by natural disasters,plunder wars and their own limitations,so they have obvious vulnerability.Affected by the basic needs of human body,the Khitan people became increasingly dependent on agricultural products.Affected by the social development in the early period of Qidan,agricultural development has inevitability.Secondly,the agricultural development(breadth)situation of the Upper Capital of Liao Dynasty was analyzed.The agricultural population in the Upper Capital area of Liao was mainly the population of the Han ethnic group and the population of the Bohai Sea which were plundered by the Khitan in the foreign wars.These agricultural population were all settled in the counties of the Upper Capital of Liao.Encouraged by the Liao Dynasty’s policy of "governing according to common customs","flower arranging fields" with agriculture and animal husbandry appeared in the Upper Beijing area of Liao Dynasty.With the expansion of Liao’s territory,the rulers expanded the scope of agricultural development and developed in the east,north,west and south of the Upper Capital of Liao.Finally,an agricultural radiation area radiating from Shangjing as the center to eastern(head and lower)states and counties,northern border cities,western border defense forces and southern states and counties is formed.With the expansion of the development area,the variety of crops will increase.Thirdly,the agricultural development technology(depth)in the upper capital of Liao Dynasty and other areas was explored.In recent years,iron hoe,iron plow,iron sickle and other agricultural tools were unearthed in the Upper Capital of Liao Dynasty.These agricultural tools are very similar to those in Central Plains in form,type and function.In terms of agricultural cultivation and storage,we should study the ridge tillage method suitable for cultivation in northern China,and master the cellaring and soil buried storage techniques of crops for winter.In terms of agricultural processing technology,the appearance of steamed buns,steamed buns,cakes and other food in the frescoes in the Upper Capital of Liao indicated that the agricultural production,cultivation,storage and processing technology in the Upper Capital of Liao had been relatively advanced.Finally,the paper discusses the influence of agricultural development in the Upper Capital of Liao Dynasty.The agricultural development in the Upper Capital of the Liao Dynasty promoted the political and economic development of the Liao Dynasty,and changed the single economic system of the northern grassland in ancient China.The formation of a unique grassland agriculture,but also to promote agriculture to the northern territory.However,agricultural development also affects the natural environment of grassland to some extent.