Study On "San Yan" Proverbs

"San Yan" is a representative work of popular novels in Ming Dynasty.It is compiled by Feng Menglong in Ming Dynasty,including three collections of short stories: Yushi Mingyan,Jingshi Tongyan and Xingshi Hengyan."San Yan" retains a large number of proverb corpus,which is of great linguistic research value.However,at present,the linguistic research results of "San Yan" Proverbs are relatively scattered and unsystematic,and most of them are mixed research of various vocabulary.There is no clear principle of proverb selection,and there is no detailed research on their proverbs.Therefore,this article takes this as the entry point,carries on the comprehensive combing to the "San Yan" proverbs.The article is divided into six parts: The first part is the introduction.First,it introduces Feng Menglong’s life and "San Yan",and defines the version of "San Yan" referred by the paper;secondly,it summarizes the research status of proverbs and "San Yan" Proverbs in Ming Dynasty,and finds the lack of research;Finally,the research significance and methods of this article are introduced.In the second part,the definition and overview of "San Yan" proverbs are introduced.First of all,referring to Wen Duanzheng’s point of view,we define proverbs and clarify the four rules of proverb selection.On this basis,we make a quantitative statistics of 464 "San Yan" Proverbs(repeated items are included),including 119 in Yushi Mingyan,155 in Jingshi Tongyan and 190 in Xingshi Hengyan.In addition,there are 51 repeated items,49 proverbs with different words,and 60 proverbs with different words.The third part is the semantic and classification of "San Yan" Proverbs.First of all,referring to the views of Wu Zhankun and Ma Guofan,proverbs are divided into four categories: self-cultivation proverbs,interpersonal proverbs,acting proverbs and rational proverbs.The corresponding proverbs are listed,and the knowledge they impart and the cultural information they carry in Ming Dynasty are analyzed.Secondly,This paper analyzes the semantic clustering of proverbs and divides proverbs into synonyms and antimeanings.Thirdly,proverbs are analyzed This paper analyzes the semantic structure of proverbs,and investigates the literal meaning and practical meaning,central meaning and foil meaning of proverbs.The fourth part is the structure types of "San Yan" Proverbs,which are divided into three types: single sentence pattern,complex sentence pattern and contraction pattern.Firstly,Single-sentence proverbs are divided into verb predicate,adjective predicate,noun predicate and subject predicate.Secondly,the combination and symmetry of the compound sentence proverbs are analyzed.The combinations fall into two categories: the order method and the relevance method,and the symmetry is divided into two categories: the form symmetry and the content symmetry.Finally,the combination of the compound sentence proverbs is analyzed,This paper analyzes the tightening methods of "tightening proverbs",which can be divided into three types: "compressing the stanza,canceling the phonetic pause","applying the fixed format","meaning legal,extracting the key words".The fifth part is about the research of "San Yan" proverb sentence group.Firstly,it explains the "San Yan" proverb sentence group and analyzes the quotation marks of proverbs;secondly,it analyzes the relationship categories of proverb sentence group,which are divided into "causal sentence group","coordinate sentence group" and "turning sentence group";finally,it analyzes the pragmatic functions of proverb sentence group,such as admonishment function and citation function.The sixth part is the origin and development of "San Yan" proverb.On the one hand,the source of "San Yan" proverbs is comprehensively sorted out,which can be divided into three stages of "ancient","middle ancient" and "modern" according to the time order,and the source is listed and the number of proverbs from each stage is statistically analyzed;on the other hand,the development track of proverbs is traced,which can be divided into three forms of "word replacement","change of complexity" and "adjustment of stanza order".After discussion and research,we come to the following conclusions: in terms of the number of proverb items,"San Yan" has obvious advantages;in terms of semantics,it is rich in content and flexible in forms;in terms of internal structure,it has prominent characteristics of sentence structure,with compound sentence proverbs as the main type,single sentence proverbs and compact proverbs as the small proportion,and a large number of proverbs are symmetrical in form and content In the aspect of structure,the proverb group is closely related to the front and back sentences;in the aspect of diachronic evolution,the proverb source has a wide time span,and the evolution forms are staggered.