| Since the late Qing dynasty,opium tobacco has plagued Chinese society.Northeast China is the birthplace of Manchu,Known as the "Where the dragon was born" is tightly protected.Gradually opening since the late Qing dynasty,the spread of opium poisoning has intensified after invading the Northeast,Trafficking and smoking phenomenon is serious,It has had a bad impact on the economic development,people’s physical and mental health,and social atmosphere in the Northeast.The Qing government promoted a nationwide ban on smoking in 1906,but the ban on smoking in Northeast China is complicated and specific:Manchu,Mongolian,Han and other ethnic groups live in the northeast,Civil society continues to fight against the smoking ban,Interference by external forces between Japan and Russia,These factors affect the results of smoking bans.Northeast China is not only an ethnic area,but also a frontier area,The prohibition of opiate drugs is of great significance.This article mainly focuses on the problems and the impact of the smoking ban in Northeast China in the late Qing Dynasty.The first chapter discusses the raw materials of opium-after the introduction of poppy to China,Experienced from ornamental flowers to traditional Chinese medicine,And then to the process of harmful poisons.To sort out the changes in opium policies in the past dynasties of the Qing Dynasty;Discuss the harm caused by opium to the people after being introduced into the Northeast,Analyze the process and influence of the local native medicine in Northeast China gradually replacing foreign medicine.The second chapter discusses the formation of the idea of smoking ban by the governors of the three eastern provinces.Analyze its guiding effect on smoking bans.Study the establishment of anti-smoking institutions in Northeast China;Second,study the establishment of anti-smoking institutions in Northeast China,discuss the changes in the rights of subordinate non-smoking organizations at the end of the smoking ban;Research on anti-smoking policies and measures,Covers four aspects:Prohibition of planting、No smoking、No sale、Prohibit trafficking;Discuss important measures in the smoking ban:Mongolian Banner smoking ban and the eliminate opium of Barhu Door,discuss the results and effects of the ban.The third chapter will deal with the problems arising from the smoking ban in the Northeast of the late Qing Dynasty-analyze and summarize the opium case.Specifically,officials abuse their powers to punish and embezzle,guards to steal,privileges of banner people in the smoking ban,Tobacco shop and Tobacco cream shop tax evasion by selling tobacco smoke cream without authorization,Ordinary people beat up non-smoking officials,grow privately,sell and buy privately,smoke privately,discuss its effect on the implementation of anti-smoking measures and the subsequent impact of the anti-smoking campaign.Will also address the issue of women’s smoking cessation in Jilin Province、rewards and punishments for officials’ merits and demerits in the anti-smoking campaign 、 discussion on the use of documents in the anti-smoking campaign,dig into all aspects of the anti-smoking campaign from multiple angles and in-depth levels.The fourth chapter discusses the internal and external objective factors affecting the smoking ban in the Northeast of the late Qing Dynasty,divided into the following parts: China and Britain negotiations about the ban on opium and the convening of the International Conference on Smoking Ban、Russian opium imports on the northeast border 、 Opium and morphine sales by Japanese merchants,discuss its impact on smoking ban.Finally,it sorts out the natural disasters that occurred in the Northeast in the late Qing Dynasty and discusses the accidental and inevitable factors that affect the effectiveness of the smoking ban. |
