A Study Of Sudan’s Gezira Scheme During The Period Of Anglo-Egyptian Condominium

The content of this paper is mainly composed of three parts: the introduction,the text and the conclusion.The introduction part mainly discusses the background and reasons of choosing the topic,the research significance,the current research situation at home and abroad,and clarifies the research ideas and methods.The text is mainly divided into three parts.The first part mainly describes the background of the Gezira Scheme.At the beginning of the 20 th century,the rapid development of the cotton textile industry in Britain and the cotton supply crisis in Lancashire have become an opportunity for Britain to grow commercial cotton in Sudan.The Sudan Plantation Syndicate and the government have reached an agreement on the loan,land and franchise rights of the Gezira Scheme,laying the foundation for the start of the plan.The second part divides the Gezira Scheme into three stages according to the chronological order: the first stage is the start-up stage of the Gezira Scheme.The Tayiba Cotton Experimental Station has successfully proved that Sudan’s natural environment is suitable for planting long staple cotton,which has become a prelude to the Gezira Scheme.The outbreak of the first World War provided more time for syndicate and the government to discuss the details of the Gezira Scheme.Finally,the general plan of the Gezira Scheme was made in the “Gezira lease agreement” signed by the two sides in 1920;The second phase is the operation phase of the Gezira Scheme.It includes the design of the Gezira irrigation system,the establishment of Tenant Reserves after the economic crisis in 1929,and the increasingly acute contradiction between tenants and field inspectors in daily agricultural management;the third stage is the turning point of the Gezira Scheme.It was mainly the termination of the syndicate franchise and the establishment of the Sudan Gezira Board,which eventually nationalized the Gezira Schem.The third part is the historical influence of the Gezira Scheme.Although the Gezira Scheme provides stable financial revenue to the Government of the Sudan,the economic structure of single cotton cultivation has led to abnormal development of the domestic economy.In the political aspect,it is mainly the improvement of function of the court,the development of tenant strikes and regional inequality and rebellion in the Sudan.It is worth mentioning that the Gezira Scheme has become a model for irrigation plans in Africa and elsewhere in a specific period.The conclusion part focuses on the evaluation of the Gezira Scheme,mainly from the positive and negative aspects of the analysis.Although Britain has actively carried out the cotton program to make Sudan a raw material supplier in order to meet its own development needs,it is undeniable that the Gezira Scheme is a way for Sudan to seek domestic development in a specific period of time.