Investigation And Study On The Mountain City Site Of The Southern Song Dynasty In Hejiang,Sichuan

At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty,the Mongols massively invaded the southern Song.Sichuan was attacked by the Mongols because of its unique geographical position.In order to resist the invasion of Mongolian army,the Southern Song Dynasty built the fortress according to the mountain and water regime of Sichuan area,and formed the fortress defense system.Rongshan fortress,Anle fortress and Shenjian fortress in Hejiang County,Sichuan Province are important components of the defense system of fortress.Since the completion of the fortress,there were many times of fierce war in Hejiang County between the Southern Song Dynasty and Mongols.In particularly at the Shenbi Fortress,From its start construction in the third year of Chunxi reign(1243)to its fall in the second year of Jingyan reign(1277),lasted 34 years,five times territorial sovereignty shifted,which shows the importance of Hejiang Fortress.Rongshan City was founded in the third year of Jiaxi’s reign in the Southern Song Dynasty(1239),located in on the top of Rongshan Town,Hejiang County,Sichuan Province.The existing ruins are mainly 6 gates and their two sides of the wall,two pools,road remains and so on.Anle Fortress was built in the forth year of Jiaxi reign(1240)in the Southern Song Dynasty,located in Hejiang County,Luzhou,Sichuan Province,about 5 km west of the Anle Mountain.The existing remains mainly include the site of the West Gate inside and outside,the walls on both sides,and the bas-reliefs on precipices outside the South Gate,road remains.Shenjian Fortress was built by Cao Zhizhou Chunyou in the third year of the Southern Song Dynasty(1243).It is located on Shenbi Mountain,Hejiang County,Sichuan Province.The existing remains include6 city gates and the two sides of the wall,a word city 2,a battery and a drill ground.The Lunan defense system formed in the Southern Song Dynasty of Hejiang County is not only an important part of the defense system of the mountain city,but also the main part of the defense circle of Luzhou in the defense line along the river.Its downstream can protect Chongqing and it is the barrier to the west of Chongqing,and the upstream connection of Jiading is the middle zone of "protecting one river from itself" in Sichuan area,which is the link between Chongqing and Jiading.The defense system of Lunan played a significant role in the Song and Yuan wars,to some extent delayed the Mongolian army’s offensive in Sichuan and extended the reign of Song Dynasty.In the Ming and Qing dynasties,because of the constant Shu Chaos the construction experience of Hejiang Fortress in the Southern Song Dynasty was followed by people from all over the county to seek self-protection.After the Song and Yuan Dynasties,especially in the turbulent period of Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Hejiang Fortress in the Southern Song Dynasty was re-utilized,the original mountain city itself was strengthened and rebuilt,and the experience of building the city accumulated in the Southern Song Dynasty was emulated and promoted,which played an important role in the historical process of the establishment of the fortress system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the Hejiang,and the people took refuge in the historical process of self-protection.