An Analysis Of The Existential Basis Of Marx's Dialectics

Western philosophy started from "ontology",and the questioning of "ontology" constitutes the logical thread of western philosophy.The so-called "noumenon" refers to the origin of the world.Early metaphysics explained the origin of the world with super-perceptual,eternal conceptual noumenon.Its way of thinking was formal logic,absolutely identical conceptual noumenon could not explain the change of reality,which results in the gap between noumenon and phenomenon.Dialectics is put forward to solve the contradiction between noumenon and phenomenon by dialectical thinking.However,Marx's previous dialectics,especially Hegel's concept dialectics,is based on the spiritual concept ontology and is a kind of dialectics in the epistemological sense.Marx pointed out that the fundamental mistake of Hegel's conceptual dialectics lies in reversing the relationship between thinking and existence,logic and existence,concept and reality,and taking what was originally secondary as primary.Thus,on the basis of Hegel,Feuerbach and other philosophies,Marx laid the ontological foundation of dialectics back on the practice of existence,replacing the traditional epistemological standpoint,and making the existential nature of dialectics reveal truly.The standpoint of existentialism surpasses the standpoint of epistemology.Marx maintains that dialectics is not the dialectics of knowing things,but the dialectics of describing human historical activities,which is based on human living practice and is the dialectics in the ontological sense.Existential dialectics expresses the historical process of human history from the generation of alienation to sublation of alienation.This process is not only the concrete embodiment of existential dialectics,but also the human pursuit of freedom and liberation.From the point of view of living practice,man has obtained his real subjective position.Just as Marx said,the active sublation of self-alienation is the real solution to the contradiction between man and nature and between individuals.This historical process of self-rescue and self-sublation is also a road to freedom of self-liberation and self-transcendence.