Research On Modern Postal Industry In Fengtian Province （1878-1931）

As a communication service industry,the postal industry is closely related to the national economic life.In early 1878,the Qing government decided to pilot Post in Beijing,Tianjin,Yantai,Niuzhuang and Shanghai.Since then,Fengtian province has started to establish the postal industry in Niuzhuang（Yingkou）.In the competitive development of the postal industry with many forces such as traditional post offices,private letter offices and foreign guest mail,the postal organization has changed from chaos to unity.Before the September 18 th Incident,the postal industry of Fengtian Province has realized the gradual development and maturity of the postal organization from simple to full coverage of urban and rural areas,from sparse to dense network,and from single to diversified postal business.By exploring the elimination of traditional post stations and the competition with non-governmental letter offices and Japanese and Russian guest mail in modern Fengtian postal industry,this paper analyzes the development of Fengtian postal industry at that time and the response and achievements of local governments suppressed by Japan and Russia,reflecting the promotion of economic and social modernization and the changes brought to people’s daily life by Fengtian postal industry,as well as the restrictions on the unlimited expansion of foreign guest mail forces to a certain extent.This paper is mainly divided into three parts:The first part expounds the rise of postal industry in modern Fengtian province.Before the rise of modern Fengtian postal industry,the official agencies for delivering official decrees and letters were post stations and newspaper offices,which were loosely managed and inefficient;Ordinary people’s letters are delivered by non-governmental letter bureaus,and the organization is lax;In the trading port area,the western new postal service was introduced,and various countries set up guest postal service one after another.In the face of the chaotic communication situation,the voice of establishing the state-run postal service is rising day by day.In 1878,the customs began to run the postal service on a trial basis.Niuzhuang customs post office was established in Yingkou,and Fengtian province has opened the postal industry since then.The second part expounds the diversified development of postal industry in modern Fengtian province.In the face of the coexistence of various forces such as the post office,private letter office and foreign guest post,in order to unify the communication organization,the post office makes use of the private letter office and finally absorbs it into the post office,takes positive resistance measures against the guest post,and realizes its own development in the competition.The third part is the evaluation of modern Fengtian postal industry.Under the guidance of the government,the postal industry of Fengtian province has quickly realized the postal system covering from the coast to the mainland,promoted the modernization process of Fengtian province’s economy and society,and limited the unrestricted expansion of foreign passenger mail to a certain extent.