Althusser’s Reconstruction Of Marx’s Theory Of Ideology

Althusser’s theory of ideology plays an important role in the history of ideology and is an important ideological heritage in the theoretical tradition of Western Marxism.It has made important contributions to the development of Marx’s theory of ideology.It is clear that clarifing Althusser’s reconstruction of Marx’s theory of ideology is not only a matter of theoretical innovation but also an actual demand for ideological construction in our country.Taking Althusser’s Reconstruction of Marx’s theory of ideology as the theme,combining with Althusser’s relating writings,this article makes a comprehensive definition of theory of ideology and relating concepts,and reveals his concrete logical approach to the reconstruction of Marx’s theory of ideology.The introduction part summarizes the relevant content of the topic selection and the preparation work for the research,including the backgrounds and reasons of the topic,the purpose and significance of the research,domestic and foreign research review,research content and methods and so on.The first chapter discusses the background of Althusser’s reconstruction.The theoretical ethos in the Soviet Marxism and the French Communist Party prompt Althusser to reflect on the research paradigm of humanism;the change of capitalist ideology and the “May Storm” provide the era material for Althusser to study the operational mechanism of ideology.Under the guidance of the methodology of modern Western philosophy,reflecting on the humanistic interpretation model of Western Marxism,Althusser inherits and reconstructs Marx’s theory of ideology.The second,third and fourth chapters specifically discuss Althusser’s reconstruction from the essence,characteristics and functions of ideology.In terms of ideological essence,Althusser reinterprets Marx’s concept of ideology from the dimensions of “ontology”,“practicalism” and “functional theory”.On the characteristic of ideology,Althusser highlights the eternality,scientificity and experiential of ideology.On the function of ideological and its mechanism,Althusser explains the concept of“ideological state apparatus” by means of Marx’s theory of social reproduction,state and class struggle,and uses Lacan’s psychoanalytic philosophy to reveal the ideological inquiry function and the unconscious mechanism.The fifth chapter analyzes the theoretical contribution of Althusser’s reconstruction.Althusser’s reconstruction expands Marx’s ideology theory in a certain sense,inspiring his students Poulantzas and Balibar to think about the extension of ideology;it also has produced original revelations for post-modern Marxist thinkers such as Eagleton,Jameson and others.The sixth chapter expounds the enlightenment and limitations of Althusser’s reconstruction.Althusser’s reconstruction has brought important theoretical and practical enlightenment to the later study of ideological theory and theconstruction of ideology in China.The limitations of reconstruction also help us to deepen our reflection on ideology.This paper uses literature research and comparative research to reveal Althusser’s reconstruction of Marx’s theory of ideology,clarifies the theoretical relationship between Althusser and Marx,and provides a new perspective for Marx’s theory of ideology.