The Comparative Study Of Marx And Althusser Ideology

Althusser is considered a great Marxist after Gramsci, Lukacs, he has an up-and-down life, personally experienced the Second World War, the war did great harm to him, resulted in he spent the most of the time in a mental hospital in the rest of his life. However, these do not affect the important position of Althusser's Marxist theory in the West, he stood position of defend Marx's, with the methodology of structuralism, reconstructed the Marxism. And Marx, as the founder of the modern theory of ideology, was creating a new chapter in the ideology theory. There are hundred years interval between this two people, the main studies of this paper is that the similarities and differences of the understanding of ideology between Marx and Althusser in different historical background, on the basis of studied and analyzed Marx's ideology, and compared Althusser's studies of ideology theory.This paper started with the theoretical origins and the historical background of the Marx and Althusser's ideology theory, and analyzed the concept and historical issues of ideology, ideology and superstructure, ideology and science, Marx's humanism and the "theoretical anti-humanism" etc. Compared the similarities and differences of Marx and Althusser's understanding of ideological, analyzed the inheritance, development and negative of Marx's ideology of Althusser's, and theoretical basis and values perspective of the reasons for disagreement from the historical background.This paper used the methods of comparative study, by primarily analysing the nature, historical, function of the two pairs of ideology and ideological and scientific issues; original intention of relation of Althusser's protecting Marxism scientificity and function of ideology is settled. The important theory"Theoretical anti-humanism"which was brought forward when Althusser criticized Western Marxism humanism is stated. Althusser's some analysis and conclusions of ideology of Marx has its legitimacy and can learn and absorb it to develop Marxism, but it also must be fully aware of its lack in theory, and therefore purify the understanding of Marx's ideology.