National Access To Ethnic Minority Villages:From Local Norms To The Governance Rule

Before the formal power replaced the traditional power of the Va rural society,the Va society relied on the village managers to manage the villages effectively.The"Drinking Water Management" has always been a fixed management affair in the Va rural society.Managed by different managers,this governance issue has existed in the process of the transition from the tribal society to the modern society in Va villages.In different periods,the power sources of these different managers are various.The village governance rules reflected in the "Drinking Water Management" are also constantly changing.This process reflects the infiltration of state power into the Va rural society.This paper takes the drinking water management of Village Y of XiMeng Va minority Autonomous Country of Yunnan Province as the analysis object,mainly obtains the data through first-hand oral historical materials,and at the same time,combing the evolution of the rural governance rules of village Y in Yuesong Township,Va Autonomous County of Western Union of Yunnan Province,with the help of the text data collection methods such as county chronicles and ethnography.In this research,the author divides the development process of the governance rules into three periods:the primitive era,the rule of law era and the villager autonomy era.First of all,before the construction of modern country,village Y has been managing public affairs with village as the unit.The village authority restrains the villagers with the Va local standard,and completes the daily affairs management such as drinking water management by means of religious sacrifice.Secondly,after entering the era of rule of law,the modern national rule of law system has not completely broken with the tradition.The original authority has changed its political status and continues to play the role of governance subject.Religious rituals are not fading but restructuring.In the "Drinking Water Management"affairs,the original norms are quietly playing a binding role.Finally,when the village governance began to evolve,the governance rules began to be perfected,from the single"Rule of Law" to the complementary of the national law and the traditional civil contract,the autonomy space in the traditional period returned to the hands of the villagers.At the same time,the initiative of governance began to flow from the hands of the "Political Elite" to the hands of the village members.In the process of strengthening the national governance ability,the rural society of the Va has developed from the self-governing rule dominated by traditional norms to the governing rule dominated by official national law,and finally to the governing rule integrated by national laws and village rules and regulations.This process of change reflects the three characteristics of Va rural modernization Governance,the inevitable trend of legalization,the combination of multiple governance elements into the governance system and the coordination of multiple norms.The process of modernization of governance reminds us that we should pay attention to two aspects of experience in the construction of modernization of grass-roots governance:one is the experience of traditional order rules deeply rooted in the history of ethnic minority villages;the other is the order rules generated by the transformation of the Communist Party of China after the establishment of new China Experience.