| Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up,China’s economy has achieved world-renowned achievements,and the development of people’s livelihood also needs to keep pace with the rapid development of the economy.With the continuous development of the new public management movement and the concept of new public services,people have put forward new requirements for government functions,and improving the satisfaction of people’s livelihood work has also become an important goal of building a service-oriented government.Nowadays,as China enters a new era,the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and insufficient development imbalances has become a major social contradiction.Although the overall satisfaction of the people’s livelihood in China is constantly improving,there are interregional development gaps in quality and quantity.The problem of coordination is particularly prominent in the uneven development of urban and rural areas in the western region.Tibet is an important part of China’s southwestern frontier,but it is one of the "three regions and three states" deeply impoverished areas.As a member of the motherland,it is very important to pay attention to the satisfaction of Tibetan people’s livelihood.At the end of 2017,there were more than 3.37 million people in the Tibet Autonomous Region,and the population of the agricultural and pastoral areas accounted for 69.1% of the population.In addition to the imbalance between urban and rural development,the people’s livelihood in the agricultural and pastoral areas is particularly important.The population of Lhasa city(over 540,000)accounts for one sixth of Tibet,and its rural population is more than 310,000 people,accounting for 57.6%.Studying the livelihood conditions of agricultural and pastoral areas in Lhasa has general guiding significance for extending to other areas to improve livelihoods.People’s livelihood satisfaction is the evaluation of various services provided by the government by farmers and herdsmen,and it is also an expression of their own potential needs.Further research on the internal demands of the livelihood of the vulnerable group of farmers and herdsmen will have a boosting effect on the improvement and improvement of the livelihood work of Lhasa.Based on the index system for the satisfaction of Tibetan people’s livelihood constructed by Yang Dan et al.(2018),this article uses the data of the Livelihood Development Survey(LLDR)of the Lhasa Agricultural and Pastoral Area of the Tibet Livelihood Research Center,starting with the four aspects of residential life,public service,public safety,and ecological civilization.To study the satisfaction of the people’s livelihood in Tibet’s agricultural and pastoral areas with dimensions,the data shows that from 2016 to 2018,the overall level of livelihood satisfaction of farmers and herdsmen in Lhasa is high and increasing year by year,but there are obvious differences in satisfaction in each dimension.The overall satisfaction of the people’s livelihood rose from comparative satisfaction to very satisfactory.The satisfaction of the residents in the four dimensions of life is the lowest,and it is still in the relatively satisfactory range.The satisfaction of people’s livelihood differs between districts and counties,but the overall level has improved and improved,the ranking order has changed greatly,and the regional gap has shown a narrowing trend.Secondly,in order to understand the difference between the individual level and the regional level of the livelihood satisfaction of farmers and herdsmen in Lhasa,this paper also uses the hierarchical linear model to study the influencing factors of the livelihood satisfaction of Lhasa residents and the intra-group effects.Through the zero model,the layer-1 main effect model with only the first layer of variables,the layer-2 main effect model,and the complete model,the results are found: Gender in individual characteristics has a significant impact on people’s livelihood satisfaction,and women have higher satisfaction than men;The altitude of the village’s regional factors and the closest distance from the village to the township-level road have a significant impact on people’s livelihood satisfaction.The higher the altitude,the lower the satisfaction of people’s livelihood;The interaction between the road and road conditions at the regional level and the gender and education level at the individual level is very significant.The worse the road and road conditions,the weaker the degree of gender’s effect on people’s livelihood satisfaction,but it will strengthen the correlation between education level and people’s livelihood satisfaction;Road accessibility,whether there is a kiosk factor and age have a significant interaction effect,road accessibility weakens the role of age and satisfaction of people’s livelihood and plays the opposite role,but whether there is a kiosk factor will strengthen the degree of age on people’s livelihood satisfaction;The distance of villages from township-level roads will also strengthen the correlation between political outlook and people’s livelihood satisfaction.Finally,according to the above analysis,to improve the livelihood satisfaction of Tibetan agricultural and pastoral areas,the policy adjustment should focus on the following directions: First,government departments should conduct multi-dimensional,multi-regional and multifactor considerations when providing public goods as livelihood services;The second is to pay attention to the matching of the livelihood service area with the potential needs of farmers and herdsmen,and further actively improve the work of people’s livelihood,improve the satisfaction of farmers and herdsmen and promote the balanced development of people’s livelihood.Specifically,we should proceed from the following aspects: First,we must pay attention to the balanced development of all dimensions of people’s livelihood,and we need to actively "make up for the shortcomings" in the sector of weaker residents.Second,we must reduce regional differences,focus on disadvantaged areas,and promote balanced regional development.Third,we must pay attention to the impact of individual and regional factors on people’s livelihood satisfaction,pay more attention to male groups,maintain off-site relocation and other policies to reduce the impact of altitude factors on farmers and herdsmen.At the same time,the construction of road traffic should also be strengthened to improve its travel convenience.Fourth,it is necessary to consider the interaction or superposition effect of the influencing factors of people’s livelihood satisfaction,increase the construction of infrastructure such as transportation,and add village shops to facilitate the daily life of farmers and herdsmen,thereby reducing the interactive effects caused by them. |
