On Losurdo’s Theory Of Class Struggle

Class analysis method is an important theoretical tool for Marxism to analyze social problems and discover historical truth,and the theory of class and class struggle is also an important content of historical materialism theory.However,the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the late 1980 s and early 1990 s greatly greatly shook people’s belief in socialism and Western scholars,represented by Fukuyama,took the opportunity to throw out "the final conclusion of history".Marxism seemed to be in crisis,and the study of class struggle gradually withdrew.In the 2008 global financial crisis,various social contradictions intensified day by day,and the theoretical value of Marxism was recognized again.In this context,Italian left-wing Marxist scholar Domenico Losurdo has interpreted Marx’s theory of class struggle.In his main work of Class Struggle: Political and Philosophical History,he basing himself on historical materialism,inspected the development and oscillation of Marx’s class struggle theory as a political activity in specific history since its birth,reinterpreted Marx and Engels’ classic works such as Holy Family,German Ideology,Poverty in Philosophy,Communist Manifesto and Capital,especially the Communist Manifesto,and combed the formation and development of Marx’s class struggle theory as a philosophical theory.Based on these historical facts and theoretical studies,this paper reinterprets the category and purpose of struggle subject in Marx’s theory of class struggle and discusses its contemporary nature.As for the main subject of Marx’s class struggle,the academic circles generally interpret it as "the opposition between class and class",especially the opposition between bourgeoisie and proletariat.According to Marx’s emphasis on the struggles of the national liberation and the women’s liberation,Losurdo rejected this interpretation method of "dual logic" and thank that Marx’s class struggle of this dual logic was only the class analysis method used by Marx to criticize capitalist society in political economy under specific historical conditions.Marx’s class struggle theory was in essence a general social conflict theory with multiple subjects and forms.As for the purpose of Marx’s class struggle,Losurdo thank that it was one-sided for the academic circle to attribute it generally to "redistribution" at the economic level.Marx’s thought contained rich humanitarian thoughts.Marx had always carried out his theoretical research around "the overall liberation of human beings".Therefore,the purpose of class struggle was not only "redistribution",but also the "striving for recognition".In analyzing the modernity of Marx’s theory of class struggle,Losurdo not only analyzed its applicability,but also analyzed the dilemma it faced,that is,the obstruction of populism.Losurdo believed that with the development of economic globalization,various international and domestic contradictions and conflicts had not disappeared.Ethnic discrimination,racial discrimination,gender discrimination,economic oppression with "embargo" as a "nuclear weapon",political intervention under the pretext of "human rights" and so on,mad Marx’stheory of class struggle still applicable to understanding or solving the problems of today’s times.At the same time,it was precisely because of the complicated international and domestic conflicts that people were facing that it was easy to fall into a populist mode of thinking,simplifying the class struggle into a conflict between the poor and the rich while ignoring ethnic conflicts and gender conflicts.Although Losurdo’s interpretation of Marx’s theory of class struggle has certain limitations,he insists on and develops Marx’s theory of class struggle,which provides us with useful enlightenment for understanding and solving the problems of the present era.