| After the collapse of the Soviet Union,the migration movement originally occurring within USSR became a more complex and more internationalized one.In Central Asia,a new migration system has formed,with Kazakhstan being the migration destination,and other CA countries as the migrants sending party.Although the scale of migration activities has been gradually increasing,there has never been an effective migration management mechanism in the region,or even management at the bilateral level is limited,leading to rampant irregular and illegal migration activities and chaos in the migration order.Regional public goods(RPG)are products and services that meet the development needs of a certain region.As a tool to optimize allocation of human capital in the region,migration movement exactly belongs to the RPG category,including goods of material type,such as the labor market and job vacancies,and that of institutional type,such as cooperation mechanisms and migration policies.There is a correlation between the supply-demand structure of RPG and migration order.If take the supply and demand of RGP as two variables respectively,and divide the supply-demand structure into “strong supply–strong demand”,“weak supply–strong demand”,“strong supply–weak demand” and “weak supply–weak demand”,the migration orders can be correspondingly manifested as “close cooperation order”,“conflict without cooperation”,“loose cooperation order” and “no cooperation order”.At the same time,the supply-demand structure dynamically varies according to the changes of power structure within the region and the power outside it,and the migration orders undergo corresponding transformations as well.In the current Central Asian migration system,Kazakhstan serves as the main RPG supplier and has established a “strong supply” model;while other Central Asian countries play the consumer role,and have no rigid demand for Kazakhstan’s supply,which forms a "weak demand" model.Under the "strong supply-weak demand" structure,the migration order in Central Asia has been shaped as "loose cooperation" type.The further transformation of current order will depend on variations of supply from Russia and Kazakhstan,and if Uzbekistan can rise as a new supplier. |
