Efficiency Of The Variant IGT And Its Application In People Within Drug Rehabilitation

People with addiction generally have decision-making deficits,which are shown as: they tend to make adverse choices in decision-making tasks and prefer short-term gains over longterm losses.However,it is not clear which individuals are at greater risk of decision-making obstacles.Whether people in the compulsory quarantine for drug rehabilitation and people voluntarily seeking rehabilitation have different decision-making performance? The specific decision-making process remains unclear.Based on this,this study aims to explore: 1)whether the decision-making process can be separated by experimental paradigm;2)if there are decision-making deficits for people with addiction to make decisions,which decisionmaking process plays a major role?Iowa Gambling Task(IGT)is one of the most widely used methods to investigate the decision-making shortsighted in people with addiction.The IGT provides a framework for evaluating an individual’s decision-making process by simulating a card game,where the risks and rewards vary depending on the chosen deck.The primary dependent variable of IGT is the netscore,which is the number of good cards selected in each block minus the number of bad cards selected,or the ratio between good and bad cards selected.However,no correlation was found between behavioral experimental index and the decision-making deficits(i.e.poor net score)on the IGT task in people with addiction,which would guide people with addiction to improve decision-making.Six experiments were conducted in this study.Experiment 1,2,and 3 were designed to determine whether the variant IGT realized the function of classical IGT and could separate the decision-making process.Experiment 4 was the first application of variant IGT in people in the compulsory quarantine for drug rehabilitation to test its applicability.Experiment 5a was the formal form of variant IGT to verify the effectiveness of variant IGT.Experiment 5b and Experiment 5c were the application of the formal form of variant IGT in people voluntarily seeking rehabilitation and people in compulsory quarantine for drug rehabilitation,to compare the similarities and differences between the two in the performance of the variant IGT task.Experiment 6 was a supplemental experiment to examine whether it affected decision performance when setting the time cost in the deliberate evaluation stage to be tied to the final performance.The results showed that the variant IGT realized the basic functions of the classical IGT and could separate the decision-making processes.The healthy adults could use the separate decision-making process to adjust their decisions to make better choices.After the conceptual level of the variant IGT task(after 200 trials),the people with addiction performed significantly worse than the healthy adults in both the preliminary evaluation stage and the deliberate evaluation stage.The decision-making ability of people voluntarily seeking rehabilitation is better than that of the people in compulsory quarantine for drug rehabilitation.Specifically,in the later stage of the variant IGT,the former is better than the latter in the overall decision performance;As the task progresses,the former are more able to use the preliminary evaluation stage to adjust their decisions and improve their task performance by "avoiding losing" as much as possible,the former is more able to make use of the deliberate evaluation stage to adjust the decision.In this study,it was suggested that in the variant IGT task,the decision-making deficits in people with addiction were because not "skipped" in the preliminary evaluation stage and not "abandoned" in the deliberate evaluation stage.In the future,it may be possible to use variant IGT to train the subjects with addiction to separate the decision-making process and adjust their decision-making choices flexibly,to improve the decision-making ability of the subjects with addiction.