The Research Of The Need Theory In Manuscript On Economics And Philosophy Of 1844

The manuscript of economics and philosophy of 1844（hereinafter referred to as the manuscript）is an important work in the founding stage of Marxism.The theory of needs is an important theory related to human survival and development.The manuscript focuses on the theory of needs.Through the methods of literature research,comparative analysis and historical theory,this paper systematically combs the needs theory of manuscripts,which can deeply grasp its scientific demonstration on human needs.In the manuscript,Marx said that needs are the reflection of people’s material and spiritual living conditions.Based on different perspectives,people’s needs can be divided into natural needs and social needs,material needs and spiritual needs,workers’ crude needs and capitalists’ exquisite needs.There is a unity of opposites between labor and needs.On this basis,he criticized the alienation of human needs.The need theory in the manuscript has its internal logic.It mainly takes productive labor as the logical starting point,defines human nature as "free and conscious activities",points out that labor has two sides,and emphasizes the fundamental role of productive labor in meeting human needs;Taking the criticism of alienated labor as the logical main line,this paper reveals the abstraction of needs,the loss of subjectivity of needs,the reversal of needs’ purposes and means,and the social phenomenon that "development needs" are replaced by "possession needs" in the process of labor alienation,thus revealing the stripping nature of the capitalist system;Taking the free and all-round development of human beings as the logical aim,it shows that realizing the free and all-round development of human beings is the highest goal to meet the needs.The needs theory of the manuscript has important theoretical significance for the establishment and development of Marxist needs theory,and also provides important practical enlightenment for understanding and overcoming the one-sided and false human needs in the development of modernity and building a better life in China.