Research On Marx’s Theory Of Alienated Labor And Its Contemporary Enlightenment

Marx’s theory of alienated labor was produced against the background of the rapid development of machine industry,the rising workers’ movement,and the periodic outbreak of capitalist economic crises,and was derived from the scientific theory of in-depth thinking on the basis of Hegel’s idealistic alienation thought,Feuerbach’s humanistic alienation thought,Hess’ s idea of money alienation,and the British classical political economy labor theory of value,combined with social reality.Marx’s discussion of alienated labor is concentrated in the 1844 Manuscript of the Philosophy of Economics（the Manuscript for short）,but his idea of alienation has already emerged as early as his doctoral dissertation,as well as in his Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law and on the Jewish Question.It was not until the completion of the Manuscript that his theory of alienated labor was formally proposed.But Marx did not stop his study of the theory of alienated labor,in his subsequent writing,he continued to enrich and perfect this theory.Marx’s alienated labor theory mainly includes three aspects.One is the concept of alienated labor and its four dimensions.The second is the origin of alienated labor.Marx believed that under the condition of private ownership,wage labor has developed into the most important form of labor,which means that in the competition of the dual logic of labor activities,the logic of usefulness has prevailed,and the means Overcoming purpose,labor is thus alienated.The third is the sublation path of alienated labor,that is,to improve the productivity of labor,to eliminate the enslavement of compulsory division of labor and private ownership;to reset the labor logic,to complete the confirmation of the essential power of human beings;to consolidate the real power of the proletariat,and finally realize communism.Western Marxists have made their own theoretical responses one after another on the basis of inheriting Marx’s theory of alienated labor and taking into account the new changes in social practice.Lukacs’ theory of materialization,Horkheimer’s and Adorno’s critical theory of culture industry,Marcuse’s theory of technological alienation,and Lefebvre’s Critical Theory of a Controlled Society of Consumption have opened up new perspectives for the study of Marx’s alienated labor theory,which are of important critical significance.However,these theories also have defects such as ignoring the criticism of capitalist private ownership,deviating from dialectics,and deviating from reality,which require us to look at them dialectically.Today,the problem of alienation has not disappeared,and with the development of the times,new manifestations such as technological alienation,leisure alienation,consumption alienation,and communication alienation have emerged.The alienation problem still profoundly affects human life.In contemporary China,however,the phenomenon of alienation has not been completely eliminated in our country due to the fact that the level of development of productive forces is still not high enough,the old division of labor still remains in the field of production,and some defects in the market economy itself.Scientific theories have lasting vitality.As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era,and Marx’s theory of alienated labor still has important guiding significance for China’s development.Xi Jinping’s concept of labor in the new era is formed on the basis of inheriting Marx’s theory of alienated labor and combined with the new changes in the international and domestic development environment,which profoundly demonstrates the theoretical quality of Marx’s alienated labor thought.Marx’s alienated labor theory has important guiding significance for the development of contemporary labor practice in China and pointed out the direction for the development of China’s labor cause in the new era.