| The issue of infant and young child rearing has been a major issue since ancient times.In the inheritance of Chinese children,the continuation of the family line is even more involved in being put on the level of state policy."there are three so-called unfilial behaviors,and no offspring is the most important." In the feudal civilized society,which ruled the world with virtue and Filial Piety,the production of the population is even more important than the national service,the so-called "first family after business.".It’s clear from all this that we have always taken infant and young child rearing very seriously,but in the social stratification,there are very different levels of infant and young child rearing,and very different levels of parenting.Especially in modern society,especially after the founding ceremony of the People’s Republic of China,we eliminated class and chose the socialist system,and in the early days of its establishment,we adopted the collective welfare system in the matter of infant and young child rearing,in both urban and rural areas,we have collectively run kindergartens and nurseries to provide centralized care and help families cope with their worries when they participate in economic construction.With the reform and opening up and the gradual disintegration of the planned economy,this collective welfare of kindergartens and nurseries slowly disappeared.Until the 1990 s,responsibility for the care of 0-to 3-year-olds was left entirely to families and market institutions.In addition to working together,parents of infants and young children have to take on the responsibility of day-to-day care of infants and young children,so many dual-career families are faced with the dilemma of how to Balance Work and child-rearing.The baby family’s raising pressure is more and more big,the economic burden is also more and more big.However,China’s family policy is also very few,and weak implementation.There are fewer policies for individual infants and young children.Such as parental leave,maternity leave,parental leave and other time policy implementation is often not in place,public institutions and government units to implement the best,but is also discounted,enterprise units and private enterprises implementation of the holiday system is a big gap.This is determined by the reality of the country.In a country with a population of 1.3 billion and a population of more than 200 million children,the current state and Government finances can not afford the responsibility of infant and young child rearing.So one of the essential elements of raising a baby: enough time,it’s hard to guarantee.The problem of child-rearing has gradually become a social problem,which has aroused the discussion and concern of the whole society.In addition to the difficulties in guaranteeing the care time of family members of infants and young children,the construction of the infant and young child education and childcare service system is based on a weak foundation,with a low degree of marketization,a small number of services and a low quality of services,the reality factor which the price is higher makes the baby "has no place to be entrusted,has no place to teach".In the past research of Chinese scholars,the proportion of the people’s demand for childcare and infant education is the highest,the childcare demand can reach 68%,and the demand for 0-3-year-old infant education is as high as 89%.So once the family can not afford to bear the care and education of infants and young children,it is left to the market to solve.But the logic of the market is profit-seeking,mercenary,if overpriced,these educational resources will only become a scarce resource,become the dependency of the dominant family,become a new tool to widen the class gap.It makes the poor,vulnerable families,even more vulnerable,unable to access infant and child care services,bogged down in the mire,unable to extricate themselves.This will lead to Matthew effect,the strength of the more consolidated advantage,the weakness of the more and more weak.This goes against the national principle of our socialist country,which is fairness and justice.So since the 1980 s,Western developed countries have made institutional arrangements for the care of infants and young children,and have legally guaranteed government care for infants and young children through the enactment of the infant care act,in order to solve the family’s parenting pressure,shares the family’s parenting responsibility.The situation in China is similar to that in the West,and it is also faced with the transition of economic development and the transition of population and family structure.The trend of family structure becoming core is obvious,the number of children is decreasing,and the number of birth rate is decreasing year by year,the problem of total fertility rate is that people’s desire to have children is suppressed.Therefore,how to release the potential of this kind of fertility,tapping the family’s parenting needs is crucial.This paper makes a comprehensive survey,from different perspectives,to explore the parenting needs of families.Through the investigation,we know that the main needs of the family are: 1.Directly addressing the parenting needs of infants and young children,such as the need for professional family parenting guidance,the need for community play and play areas for infants and young children,and the need for educational and Health Care Services,the need for qualified professional babysitters and babysitters,etc..2.It’s for the needs of the surrogate.In our country,the main surrogate is the mother and grandparents.The demand of mothers is mainly the demand of career development and career achievement,the demand of infant education,and the study of parenting knowledge,including marriage and family knowledge.Grandparents’ needs are difficult to integrate into urban life and become "old drifters";physical energy can not keep up;lack of parenting knowledge;conflict with young parents’ ideas in the process of generation support;3.From the perspective of the whole family level,the overall needs of the family is the need for family support policies.Four.At the social level,it is hoped that society as a whole will change its understanding of women’s social and family roles,respect women’s rights and position,and support women’s equal work with men and care for the family,women can not still be expected to sacrifice their professional development and pursuit of life,which is now many women do not want to marry,do not want to have children important cultural factors.5.What the government needs to do is to enact the infant and young child care act,formulate appropriate family policies,increase financial support for infant and young child care,supervise infant and young child care services,and vigorously develop infant and young child education,to support the construction and development of infant education and insurance services.To solve the problem of infant and young child rearing and safeguard social fairness and justice. |
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