Research On The Impact Of Satisfaction Of Public Service On Second Child Fertility Desire Of Urban Women

The comprehensive two child policy started in 2016 is an attempt to solve the problem of low fertility.The "family planning" policy,which has been carried out for a long time in China,has achieved good results.Various survey data and studies show that China’s fertility rate is far below the level of natural population replacement,especially in cities.Fertility intention is one of the main factors to predict fertility behavior in the future,which has a practical guiding role in the actual fertility rate.Studying the influencing factors of fertility intention can help to find out the direction of improving fertility intention and thus fertility rate.Then it helps government put forward corresponding policy suggestions and alleviate the fertility problem in China.This study focuses on urban women with lower fertility intention than all women.From the perspective of public service,based on the satisfaction of public service to explore their second child fertility desire.In this study,Shanghai,a big city with two characteristics of low fertility and low fertility as well as high development,was taken as a case city.Through sample selection,data selection and recoding,correlation analysis and model research,this study found that the satisfaction of various public services did not always significantly improve the second child’s fertility intention.Specifically,labor employment and social security satisfaction can improve the second child fertility desire,while basic pension satisfaction can inhibit the second child fertility desire.At the same time,compared with the direct satisfaction of all kinds of public services,the satisfaction of the conformity of public services related to childbearing with personal needs and its actual effectiveness has a more critical impact on the urban women’s second child fertility desire.When the public satisfaction is higher,the urban women’s second child fertility desire is significantly improved.In addition,different groups of urban women show different sensitivity to the impact of public service satisfaction,and the impact of public service satisfaction on the second child fertility desire of urban women with high income and high education level is less.The empirical results show that the root of the impact of public service satisfaction on the second child’s fertility intention is still the game between cost and utility.These conclusions give us a new direction of thinking.The preferential treatment of simply liberalizing the fertility policy or universal public service has less effect.In order to enhance the second child fertility desire of urban women,we should pay more attention to the direct help and practical effect of public service on their fertility behavior.Public services with strong pertinence and direct effect on childbearing and protection of childbearing rights and interests,such as longer maternity leave and parental leave,help policies for returning to work and society after childbearing,may play a better role in improving the second child fertility desire.