| Since the 1970 s,China has implemented a series of fertility policies,which have a profound impact on population changes and socio-economic development.Before China's Reform and Opening up,the rapid population growth has become the fetters of economic and social development.The implementation of family planning policy has realized the transformation of the overall fertility level and population growth model.However,the sharp decline in births has been accompanied by long-term low fertility rate that below replacement levels,serious imbalances in sex ratios and severe aging.In this context,the state has formulated and implemented the unconditional two-child policy after two major adjustments in its fertility policy.The liberalization of the birth policy has aroused more attention and discussion in the academia.Scholars generally believe that the comprehensive two-child policy is based on China's population situation and social needs,and helps to undertake and improve population trends and structure.At present,the fertility policy related research on the target groups is mostly focused on the division of urban and rural areas,age,education level and regions,but less attention is paid to the groups with different working background.The female group in System is a special group produced by Chinese actual national conditions.During the period of family planning,government organs,state-owned enterprises,institutions,party and government organizations strictly implement family planning policies and impose compulsory restrictions on the reproductive behavior of employees in System.Once the family planning policy is violated,employees will face Organizational Punishment in System.Their career and political prospects will even be affected.Nowadays,after the opening up of the universal two-child policy,the female group in System has become the largest target group in line with the policy.Under the mode of family self-selection,paying attention to the reproductive choice of the group in the system and related influencing factors can help to understand the reproductive needs and cultural concepts of this group,and help to estimate the population situation and put forward the optimization direction of future policy.Birth,for an individual,is the combination of reproduction and upbringing;For the family,it's a functional perfection and family continuity;For the community,it's the integrity and succession of the structure.The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors influencing women's fertility desire and behavior,and the differences in fertility desire and behavior.According to previous studies in the academic circles,the reproductive research on women of childbearing age within the system will start from the three dimensions of individual background,family characteristics and actual marital and reproductive situation,explore the situation and differences between the ideal number of children and the actual number of children born in a group,and try to explain the factors affecting fertility desire and behavior,and the factors affecting differences between the fertility desire and behavior.Following Miller's decision-making process from fertility desire to fertility behavior in 1990 s,this study incorporates individual background,family characteristics and fertility into the analysis framework,and applies the six types of factors proposed by Bonggarts to analyze the reasons for the deviation between fertility desire and behavior.In addition,according to the theory of planned behavior,sensory control(i.e.perceptual behavior control)is the self-assessment of related abilities,opportunities and resources in the process of behavior execution.Therefore,the study took the subjective attitude and life satisfaction of women of childbearing age as variables,combined with income and education level into the analysis of the deviation between fertility intention and reproductive behavior.In the selection of research methods,this study uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods.According to the logical structure of quantitative research and analysis results,case interviews will be placed in the study of influencing factors for further explanation.At the quantitative level,the database of China Family Followup Survey(CFPS)in 2014,sponsored by the China Social Sciences Survey Center of Peking University,is applied.According to the research topic of this paper,we selected 20-49 year-old women of childbearing age in the database,and classified the samples through the overall,the out-of-system and the in-system sample,and made regression analysis respectively.The first part of the main study uses the ideal number of children and the actual number of children as explanatory variables,and estimates them from the individual characteristics,spouse information,first marriage and birth motivation.By comparing with the other two groups,we can find that the overall fertility desire of women in the system is lower than that of women outside the system,and the actual number of children born is also lower than that of women outside the system because of the impact of fertility policy.In terms of influencing factors,women's fertility desire and behavior in the system are significantly influenced by women's age,marital status,nationality,length of education and family income.On the other hand,women in the system tend to be more traditional and conservative,and the continuation of the family line plays a significant role in estimating the actual number of children born.In the second part of the study on the deviation of fertility desire from fertility behavior,the differences between women's desire and behavior in the system are concentrated in the two types of "will > behavior" and "will = behavior",and due to the joint influence of family planning policy and social and economic development,the differences are not significant.In the analysis of related factors,the age of women of childbearing age,the delay of marriage and childbearing age,gender preference and income are the important factors that affect the deviation of fertility intention from childbearing behavior.This paper synthesizes the actual fertility situation of women of childbearing age in System and the analysis of related influencing factors,providing a pluralistic perspective for the future population situation and the optimization of relevant policies.From the theoretical level,this study explores and compares the samples of the inner group and the outer group,and explains the desire and behavior of women of childbearing age within the system from the aspects of individual,family,fertility situation and subjective motivation,so as to objectively reflect their realistic demands for childbearing.At the practical level,the study provides a realistic basis for the reproductive status of women of childbearing age,and also provides development strategies and suggestions for the complete optimization of the two-child policy. |
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