Effects Of Target Characteristics On Two Components Of Prospective Memory Of Middle School Students With Different Academic Achievements

Prospective memory(PM)refers to the memory of performing a previously intentional task in a future situation and at a specific time,that is the memory of a planned task in a future specific situation or at a certain time without direct external cues.Prospective memory can be divided into prospective component and retrospective component.Prospective component corresponds to the perception of execution cues,and retrospective component corresponds to the recall and extraction of execution intention behavior.The former refers to that an individual must spontaneously engage in a specified target activity at a specific time,while the latter refers to remembering the specific content to be engaged in,including time and place,etc.Previous studies have shown that different load types have different effects on the two components of prospective memory.However,most of the studies focused on the effects of different load types on prospective memory,but did not separate the two components of prospective memory.Do different load types have different impacts on forward-looking components and back-tracking components?Underachievers refer to students whose academic performance does not reflect their intellectual potential.They are those with normal or higher intelligence but low academic performance.Existing studies have shown that prospective memory is significantly correlated with students’ academic performance.Underachievers show more failures in prospective memory,which can be reflected in the fact that they often forget what they planned to do and how to solve problems they learned in class before doing their homework.Therefore,it is very important to explore the influencing factors and causes of the failure of prospective memory of students with learning disabilities.At present,the research on prospective memory of students with learning disabilities mainly takes prospective memory as a whole to discuss.The failure of prospective memory of students with learning disabilities is the cause of prospective component or retrospective component.There are few studies on this aspect at present.Therefore,the classical PM dual-task paradigm was used in Experiment 1 to investigate the effects of the number of targets on the two components of prospective memory of excellent students and poor students,in order to explore whether the number of prospective memory targets has different effects on the two components of prospective memory of students with different academic achievements;Experiment 2 to investigate the effects of the significance of targets on the two components of prospective memory of excellent students and poor students.The purpose of this study is to explore whether the significance of prospective memory targets has different effects on the two components of prospective memory of students with different academic achievements.Through two experiments,the following conclusions can be drawn:(1)The performance of prospective memory of students with poor academic performance is worse than that of students with good academic performance,mainly due to the poor performance of prospective components;(2)when the number of prospective components is large,the possibility of prospective memory failure is greater;(3)when the current prospective memory objectives are not significant,the possibility of prospective components failure leading to prospective memory failure is greater.