The Influencing Factors Of Urban Residents’ Sports Fitness Behavior Based On Social Ecology

Research purposes: Taking the influencing factors of urban residents’ sports and fitness behavior as the research object,based on the social ecological model,this paper investigates the current situation of urban residents’ sports and fitness behavior through questionnaires,and analyzes the main related factors of urban residents’ sports and fitness behavior through logical regression.In order to provide reference for the intervention path of urban residents’ exercise and fitness behavior.Research methods: A random questionnaire survey was used to distribute the Questionnaire of Urban Residents’ Participation in Sports and Fitness Behavior,and 1832 questionnaires were collected.Through expert validity test and retest reliability test,the questionnaire meets the questionnaire distribution standard.With binary Logistic regression analysis,This paper analyzes the main factors that influence whether urban residents do physical exercise,the frequency of physical exercise,the time of each exercise and the total time of weekly exercise from three levels: individual level,interpersonal level and community level.The results are as follows: 1)At the individual level,factors such as gender,age,education level,working hours,BMI,etc.have statistical significance on the sports and fitness behavior of urban residents.Compared with women,men have a higher probability of participating in sports and fitness activities(OR=1.644,P=0.001),a longer time for each exercise(OR=1.902,P=0.001),and a longer total exercise time per week(OR= 1.569,P=0.003).Compared with urban residents over 55 years old,younger urban residents have lower probability of participating in sports and fitness behaviors(OR =0.341,P=0.022),lower frequency of sports and fitness(OR=0.361,P=0.012),and less time for each exercise and fitness(18-34 years old,OR = 0.268,P = 0.012)35-44 years old,OR=0.358,P=0.005),the total weekly exercise time is shorter(18-34 years old,OR=0.297,P=0.003;35-44 years old,OR=0.365,P=0.001).Compared with urban residents with graduate degrees.The possibility of participating in sports and fitness behavior of urban residents in high school or below is low(high school,OR =0.522,P=0.02;Under high school,OR =0.441,P=0.007),the frequency of urban residents with college education participating in sports and fitness is lower(OR=0.648,P=0.03).Compared with urban residents who work more than 60 hours,urban residents who work 20-40 hours have a higher frequency of exercise and fitness(OR=1.6,P=0.044).And BMI in 18.5-23.Compared with those with BMI>28,the urban residents with BMI > 28 have shorter exercise time(OR=0.365,P=0.002).2)At the community level,greening status,city scale,air condition,free fitness facilities,family income and other factors have statistical significance on the sports and fitness behavior of urban residents.Compared with the surrounding greening situation,the worse the greening,the lower the probability of urban residents participating in sports and fitness behavior(poor,OR =0.223,P=0.000;Generally,OR=0.397,P=0.001;Good,OR=0.487,P=0.004),The lower the exercise frequency(generally,OR=0.558,P=0.019),the less the total exercise time per week(generally,OR=0.584,P=0.03).Compared with county-level cities,the larger the city,the lower the probability of participating in sports and fitness behavior(provincial capital city,OR =0.513,P=0.001),and the lower the frequency of sports and fitness(provincial capital city,OR=0.565,P=0.008;In prefecture-level cities,OR=0.726,P=0.048),the time of each exercise is less(OR=1.569,P=0.026).Compared with no fitness space,urban residents with fitness space have a higher probability of participating in sports and fitness activities(OR=1.915,P=0.001).Compared with good air condition,the worse the air condition is,the lower the exercise frequency of residents is(OR= 0.292,P=0.022).Compared with no free fitness facilities,urban residents with free fitness facilities exercise more frequently(OR=1.67,P=0.014).Compared with high-income families,urban residents from low-income families participate in sports and fitness less frequently(less than 30,000,OR=0.504,P=0.005;0.3-0.5 million,OR=0.47,P=0.006).3)Interpersonal factors,such as whether to live with parents,whether there are children in need of care,and friends’ support,have statistical significance on the sports and fitness behavior of urban residents.Compared with those who don’t live with their parents,residents who live with their parents have a lower probability of participating in sports and fitness activities(OR=0.682,P=0.014).Compared with no children in need of care,residents with children in need of care have lower probability of participating in sports and fitness activities(OR=0.577,P=0.006)and lower frequency of sports and fitness activities(OR=0.685,P=0.045).Compared with those without friends’ support,the residents with friends’ support had longer exercise time(OR= 2.369,P=0.019).Research conclusions: 1)For urban residents in China,social ecological factors such as gender,age,education level,working hours,BMI,etc.have a great influence on their sports and fitness behaviors.Men,the older people,the higher the education level,the higher the probability of participating in sports and fitness activities.The older people are better than the younger ones in the frequency,time and total time of exercise per week.Men are better than women in terms of fitness time per exercise and total exercise time per week.Those with higher education and shorter working hours perform better in sports and fitness frequency than those with lower education and longer working hours.Obese people spend less time in each exercise than normal people.Women,young people,obese people and those with lower education level are the key groups in the intervention of sports and fitness behaviors.2)For urban residents in China,community-level socio-ecological factors,such as greening,air condition,free fitness facilities,family income and city size,have a significant impact on urban residents’ exercise and fitness behavior.The smaller the city scale,the better the greening degree and the better the fitness space construction,the higher the probability of urban residents participating in sports fitness behavior.The better the greening situation is,the higher the frequency and the longer the total weekly exercise time of urban residents.The smaller the city scale,the higher the frequency and the longer the time of each exercise.The better the air condition,the free fitness facilities and the higher the family income,the higher the frequency of urban residents’ exercise and fitness.Big cities,greening conditions,air conditions,public fitness space and facilities are important directions of community intervention.3)For urban residents in China,whether they live with their parents,whether there are children in need of care,friend support and other interpersonal sociological factors have a significant impact on urban residents’ sports and fitness behavior.Living with parents and having children to take care of reduces the probability of urban residents participating in sports and fitness activities;There are children in need of care,which reduces the frequency of exercise and fitness for urban residents;Friends’ support will increase the total weekly exercise time of urban residents.The influence of family care on urban residents’ sports and fitness behavior needs to be paid attention to.