| Objective: To explore the current situation of physical activity during pregnancy,analyze the factors that affect physical activity during pregnancy,provide a reference for promoting pregnant women’s health,and provide a basis for practically promoting physical activity during pregnancy,and provide a reference for promoting health care during pregnancy and childbirth.Methods: The pregnant women were randomly selected for questionnaire survey,and 219 valid questionnaires were obtained.The Questionnaire included general information,Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire(PPAQ)and Pregnancy-Exercise Self-efficacy Scale(P-ESES).SPSS20.0 was used to analyze the questionnaire results.Enumeration data are described as(mean standard deviation).? Measurement data is described by frequency.The mean values were compared using independent sample T test or one-way analysis of variance,and Levene statistics were used to test whether homogeneity of variance was satisfied.LSD or TAMHANE were selected for post-hoc multiple comparisons based on whether homogeneity of variance was met.Pearson correlation analysis was used for the correlation analysis of continuous variables,and Spearman correlation analysis was used for the correlation analysis of discontinuous variables.Results:The energy consumption of physical activity of 219 pregnant women was(166.23?19.93)Met·h/w.In terms of type,the most important is housework energy consumption,which accounts for 54%,followed by work energy consumption for 30%,travel energy consumption for 11%,and exercise energy consumption for only 5%.From the perspective of intensity classification,moderate energy consumption accounts for 54% at most,followed by light energy consumption for 38%,sit-in energy consumption for 7%,and severe energy consumption for only 1%.From the time-consuming point of view,the daily time spent in meditation ranges from 0 to 6.5hours,and the average daily time spent is(1.92?1.48)hours.The compliance rate of pregnant women’s physical activity during pregnancy was only 24.2%.Compared with the non-compliant group,the energy consumption of housework,travel,exercise,light,moderate,and vigorous physical activity was higher in the standard group and the difference was statistically significant.(P<0.05 or p<0.01).There were 41 pregnant women have received special training during pregnancy,accounting for only 18.7%.There was no statistically significant difference in physical activity between pregnant women who had received exercise guidance and those who had not received any guidance(p>0.05).There were 42.5% of pregnant women had exercise habits before pregnancy,30.6% of pregnant women had exercise habits after pregnancy,and 43.0% of pregnant women who had exercise habits before pregnancy stopped their exercise habits when they became pregnant.Exercise habits before and after pregnancy are positively correlated with travel,exercise,moderate and vigorous physical activity during pregnancy(p<0.05 or p<0.01).There were 30.6% of pregnant women had a high level of exercise performance,68.0% had a medium level of exercise performance,and 1.4% had a low level of exercise performance.The level of exercise performance is positively correlated with exercise,moderate and strenuous activities,and the difference is statistically significant(p<0.05 or p<0.01)The caregivers are significantly negatively correlated with housework,exercise,moderate,and severe.Pregnant women who are cared for by themselves or their husbands during pregnancy have higher levels of housework,exercise,moderate and strenuous physical activity than those who are cared for by their mother or mother-in-law.The difference is statistically significant(p<0.05 or p<0.01).Compared with the pregnant women who gave birth to the first child,the pregnant women who gave birth to the 2-3th child had more sedentary physical activity,and the pregnant women who gave birth to the 2-3th child had more housework activities.The differences were statistically significant(p<0.01).In this survey,the rate of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was 2.7%,the rate of gestational diabetes mellitus was 11.9%,and high-risk pregnant women accounted for12.8%.There was no correlation between those who was suffering gestational diabetes mellitus or not with housework,travel,exercise,occupation,meditation,mild,moderate,and vigorous physical activity(p>0.05).There was no correlation between those who was suffering hypertensive disorders in pregnancy or not with housework,travel,exercise,occupation,meditation,mild,moderate,and vigorous physical activity(p>0.05).Stepwise regression analysis shows that the energy consumption of housework type and physical activity=-13.325+2.235*pre-pregnancy exercise habits+0.236*height-2.071*main caregiver +1.893*number of childbirths+1.136*method of delivery(adjusted R-square=0.094;F =5.535,p<0.01).Exercise type physical activity energy consumption=6.009+3.691*pregnancy exercise habits+2.093*long-term residence(adjusted R-square=0132;F=17.535,p<0.01).Meditation energy consumption =5.999-0.330*Overcoming emotional obstacle score-0.606*Number of childbirths-1.047*Nationality+0.102*Pre-pregnancy body mass index+0.339* Delivery method+0.093*Overcoming dyskinesia dimension score(adjusted R-square=0.148;F=7.297,p<0.01).Energy consumption for moderate-intensity physical activity=-16.249+4.307*pregnancy exercise habits-2.300*main caregiver-0.672*occupation+0.278*height-0.122*weight +3.897*ethnicity(adjusted R square=0.170;F=8.467,p<0.01).Energy consumption of physical activity during pregnancy=-1.505-2.321*occupation+5.846*pregnancy exercise habits-4.574*main caregiver+38.95*height(adjusted R-square=0.165;F=11.755,p<0.01).Conclusions:(1)The compliance rate of physical activity during pregnancy is low.During pregnancy,physical activity is not active,housework accounts for a high proportion,and the sitting time is long.There is very little strenuous activity.Scientifically active physical activity during pregnancy should be encouraged,meditation physical activity should be reduced,moderate-intensity physical activity should be encouraged,and vigorous physical activity should be cautious.(2)Fetal safety is an important factor affecting physical activity during pregnancy.This is especially true for pregnant women who are cared for by mothers or mother-in-law,and pregnant women who give birth to their first child.The mother has its own adaptability,which can ensure the safety of the fetus.Health care during pregnancy needs to publicize and explain the safety of physical activity during pregnancy.(3)The popularity of exercise during pregnancy is low,and the knowledge of exercise during pregnancy has not found a significant promotion effect on physical activity during pregnancy.It is recommended to explore and study the relevance of knowledge and behavior of physical activity during pregnancy.(4)Low exercise self-efficacy will hinder the activity of physical activity during pregnancy.It is recommended that the pregnant women’s exercise self-efficacy should not be neglected in the process of guiding pregnant women to physical activity during pregnancy.It is necessary to help pregnant women overcome motor barriers,overcome emotional barriers,overcome support barriers,improve their sense of exercise self-efficacy,and actively choose scientifically active physical activity during pregnancy,which is beneficial to the health of pregnant women and fetuses,and ultimately promotes pregnancy health care. |
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