Effects Of Physical Activity Inside And Outside Kindergarten On Preschool’s Physical Fitness

Early childhood stage is the basic stage of health and physical fitness development.Early childhood health and physical fitness development are related to the life of human beings and the future of a country.At present,the physical fitness of preschool in our country is worried,which has become the focus of the country,society and family.Existing studies have confirmed the close relationship between physical activity(PA)and physical fitness in young children.However,due to the lack of operational research results for different types of children PA inside and outside of kindergarten,specific physical fitness promotion work is at a loss.By measuring and evaluating children’s physical fitness and PA index,this study first explored the potential close relationship between the two.On this basis,a cluster analysis was conducted on PA inside and outside of kindergarten to further explore the physical fitness characteristics of children in different clusters.Finally,the potential factors affecting PA clustering and typing in and out of kindergarten were analyzed,aiming to improve the research system of children’s physical fitness and provide practical reference for preschool physical education and family education.Cluster stratified random sampling method was adopted in this study to collect291 subjects aged 3-6 years from 6 kindergartens in Nanchang City,with the consent of their parents and signed informed consent.The children’s physical fitness was measured and evaluated with the help of "National Standard Manual of Physical Fitness Measurement(Infant Part)".The objective PA measuring instrument(triaxial acceleration sensor)was used to measure the PA of the tested children.The tested children wore it for 7 days,including 5 weekdays and 2 weekend.The indicators such as PA and sitting behavior(SB)were collected.Questionnaire was used to investigate the information of the children,their parents and their family.By integrating the measurement data and questionnaires,linear regression was used to explore the correlation between children’s physical fitness and PA.Cluster analysis and one-way analysis of variance were used to explore the physical fitness characteristics of children in different clusters.Logical regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of clustering classification.The results:1.From the perspective of gender,LPA and MVPA of boys were significantly higher than those of girls(P < 0.05),indicating that boys were more active than girls,and the percentage of physical fitness qualification of boys was also higher than that of girls.In terms of physical fitness,boys were significantly better than girls in10-meter round-trip race,standing long jump,tennis long throw,foot continuous jump and sitting body forward bend(P < 0.05).The results of linear regression showed that MVPA and LPA had significant effects on the total scores of children’s physical fitness(P < 0.05).When girls are more inclined to sit still than boys,the activity of girls’ participation in sports activities should be actively improved.Schools and families should pay attention to the differences in PA and SB caused by gender differences,and timely measures should be taken to improve children’s PA level.2.Children’s PA clustering results were divided into sedentary type(both high SB and low PA in and out of the kindergarten),active type in the kindergarten(high PA in the kindergarten and low SB)and active type out of the kindergarten(high PA out of the kindergarten and low SB).There were significant differences in PA index among all groups(P < 0.05),which was suitable for children’s PA clustering.The results of different PA clustering on children’s physical fitness showed that children of sedentary type had the lowest physical fitness,suggesting that children of sedentary type had negative effects on physical fitness.It is suggested that kindergartens and families should encourage children to reduce sedentary.3.Children of active type in the kindergarten were significantly better than children of sedentary type in the distance of tennis ball,continuous feet jumping,balance beam walking and total score of physical fitness(P < 0.05),suggesting that excessive sedentary children will affect the development of strength,coordination and balance of upper and lower limbs,waist and abdominal muscles.The difference between the in the kindergarten and out of the kindergarten was reflected in the two-foot continuous jumping project and the girls’ sitting forward flexion project(P <0.05),suggesting that PA in the kindergarten and out of the kindergarten environments had different effects on the muscle strength and physical coordination of children’s lower limbs,lumbar and abdominal muscles.Therefore,for the overall development of children’s physical fitness,kindergarten and family physical education should focus on,coordinate the division of labor.4.Compared with sedentary type,the influencing factors of children’s activity were their gender,month age and birth weight,father’s month age and mother’s income(P < 0.05).It suggests that the active factors of children may be related to their parents.Therefore,school and family should strengthen contact and cooperation,combined with the characteristics of children’s family environment,take targeted measures to improve children’s PA,so that school physical education and family physical education organic combination.