The Study On The Senior Kindergarten Class Children’s Collaborative Problem Solving Behaviors

"When will children have cooperative problem solving? What kind of problems will group members face in children’s face-to-face cooperation problem solving,and what are the characteristics of children’s problem solving process? What are the factors that affect children’s cooperative problem solving? How to improve children’s cooperative problem solving ability? " Starting from these practical problems,we use the event sampling observation method to go deep into the one-day activities of a large class in J Kindergarten in real situations,observe and record the problems encountered by the children in this class and the cooperative problem solving process by using the self-made observation table,and at the same time,assist with interviews to understand the teachers’ understanding of the cooperative problem solving of children.The main findings are as follows:Firstly,the conditions of occurring cooperative problem solving among children.There are four conditions that lead to children’s cooperative problem-solving events:（1）Clear problem tasks,based on children’s real life,multi-dimensional exploration space and continuous feedback in the process of solving;（2）When grouping,the team members have a tacit understanding,the composition of the team members is heterogeneous,and the group size is moderate;（3）There is a strong sense of questions in the game materials,and the provided game materials and space can accommodate many people to participate;（4）The time and frequency of free exploration are enough.Secondly,the types of children’s cooperative problem solving.According to the activity types of children’s cooperative problem solving events,children’s cooperative problem solving events can be divided into game activities and project activities.According to the type of cooperation,children’s cooperative problem-solving events can be divided into parallel,interactive,leadership and conflict.Thirdly,the characteristics of children’s cooperative problem solving process.The plan to solve the problem is to take one step at a time;The flexibility to solve problems is great,and the goal will change at any time;The link of problem solving is the cycle of discussion-doingdiscussion;The strategy to solve the problem is the cycle of choice-feedback-innovation.Fourthly,the factors that affect children’s cooperative problem solving.The arrangement of kindergarten activities and the material resources provided;Teachers’ professional knowledge and ability;Children’s subjective factors mean that children’s previous knowledge and experience,cognitive ability and personality characteristics will all affect the problemsolving at the cooperative level.Based on the above findings,this study puts forward the following suggestions: respecting the characteristics of children’s cooperative problem solving,and carrying out educational activities according to its characteristics;Promote the construction of cooperation groups,and strengthen cooperation among group members;Raise effective questions to stimulate children’s interest in inquiry;Plan as a whole to ensure the time for children to explore independently;Provide suitable materials and create a space layout conducive to cooperation;Respect the characteristics of children’s cooperative problem solving,and carry out educational activities according to their characteristics.