Pacing Characteristics Of Changchun Young Male Cross-country Skiers In A 5km Simulation

Cross-country skiing is a physically-driven endurance sport and pacing is an important factor in the performance of a physically-driven sport.The special characteristics of the crosscountry skiing course require athletes to allocate their speed between different terrains,taking into account their own athletic level.There is a lack of systematic research on the pacing of cross-country skiers and no research has been found on the pacing characteristics of young cross-country skiers.In this study,the kinematic data of the steep,flat and gently sloping sections of the 5km simulated race were collected and analysed with the help of SIMI MOTION3 D motion capture system to investigate the characteristics of the pacing between two laps of the 5km simulated race for junior cross-country skiers.The data were then analyzed using SPSS26.0 software to summarize the pacing characteristics of the junior cross-country skiers and to provide theoretical and practical reference for improving the overall level of junior crosscountry skiers in China.Results:（1）Positive pacers had a 1.99% decrease between laps and negative pacer s had a 2.07% increase between laps,both positive pacers had significantly higher ave rage speed between laps than negative pacers（6.53±0.35m/svs5.37±0.24m/s,P=0.025;6.40±0.30m/svs5.48± 0.03m/s,P=0.049）.（2）On the steep section,speed decreased by 5.81% for positive pacers and 8.82% for negative pacers,with both laps of the steep sec tion being significantly faster for positive pacers than for negative pacers（7.23±0.55m/svs6.46±0.21m/s,P=0.016;6.81±0.66m/svs5.89±0.27m/s,P=0.008）.（3）On the flat section,the speed of the positive pacer decreased by3.63% and the speed of the negative pace r increased by4.29%,with the positive pacer having a significantly higher speed on th e first lap of the flat section than the negative pacer（6.60±0.20m/svs5.41±0.31m/s,P=0.016）.（4）On the gentle hill section,positive pacers increased their speed by 2.11% an d negative pacers increased their speed by 14.76%,with positive pacers having a signi ficantly higher first lap speed on the gentle hill section than negative pacers（5.42±0.41m/svs4.67±0.15m/s,P=0.008）.Conclusion:（1）The pacing has a significant effect on the race performance,with athletes of higher athletic level taking a positive pacing between two laps of the 5km simulation,and athletes of lower athletic level taking a negative pacing between two laps.（2）On the steeper sections,both pacers decreased in speed on the second lap.The positive pacers athletes had a smaller drop in speed and were faster than the negative pacers on both laps,with a greater difference in speed on the second lap.（3）On the flat sections,the positive pacers showed a decreasing trend between laps and get better results in the competition,while the negative pacers showed an increasing trend between laps.Positive pacers had significantly higher speeds on the first lap compared to negative pacers.（4）On the gently sloping sections,the athlete’s section speed increased on the second lap.Compared to the negative pacers,the positive pacers had a smaller increase in speed,a significantly higher speed on the first lap and better race results.