The Enlightenment Of Confucianism In The Pre-Qin Period To Contemporary Physical Education

Confucianism is one of the hundred thoughts of the pre-Qin dynasties.Confucian culture originated in the pre-Qin period and was founded by Confucius of Lu state in the Spring and Autumn period.The Confucian ideology and culture formed by Confucianism have been passed on and developed over several times and run through the history of China for nearly one thousand years,exerting a profound influence on China and even the world.The study tells the "Chinese story" well from the respective of physical education,and provides energy for exploring the way of physical education with Chinese characteristics.This paper puts forward constructive suggestions and theoretical support for the future development of physical education in China.Using the method of literature research and interdisciplinary research,this study deeply interprets and analyzes the thoughts of Confucius,Mencius and Xunzi,who are the main representatives of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period,and studies the Confucian classics in the pre-Qin period,and deeply explores the connection between Confucianism and physical education,and the comprehensive carding pre-Qin Confucianism in different angles,different aspects of today’s physical education each aspect produces the enlightenment.This study first introduces the historical background and development course of the formation of Pre-Qin Confucianism,as well as the historical background and development course of the formation of the three main representative figures and their thoughts.It also analyzes and discusses seven parts of pre-Qin Confucianism and contemporary PE teaching,which are the view of teacher,the view of student,the objective of PE teaching,the content of PE teaching,the method of PE teaching,the management of PE classroom and the evaluation of PE teaching.The following conclusions are drawn from the study:（1）in the view of teacher,the teacher should start from hisself or herself and set up the professional morality so as to cultivate their good example for the students.In different circumstances,they should play different roles,such as teachers,friends and other different roles of teachers.They should also set up the concept of lifelong learning and constantly improve their own level in the sports teaching.By doing so they should act"the teaching carefully" properly.（2）In terms of students’ view,students should practice the "willing to study carefully",with the attitude of being humble and seeking knowledge without any sense of shame."Xun Zi · Ru Xiao" recorded: "Smell is not like seeing,seeing is not like knowing and knowing is not like doing.Students should develop the learning habits of listening,seeing,thinking and practicing as well as perseverance.（3）In terms of the teaching goals of physical education,the formulation of goals should not only vary from person to person but also should pay attention to the combination of short-term goals and long-term goals.We should take a general view of the overall goals to understand the truth of "small" step by step,not urgently with a higher aim.（4）In the respect of the teaching content of physical education,it is mainly reflected in five aspects.The first one is to practice the idea of "gentleman should be used widely instead of only one function" and select teaching content comprehensively;Secondly,the cultivative goal should be achieved through the theoretical knowledge,practical operation,moral cultivation and other aspects of training;Thirdly,we should pay attention to the orientation and non-orientation personality cultivation of students in the selection of project content.The fourth is to seize the opportunity,according to the geographical environment,seasons and other factors for "proper time to teach";Fifthly,we should base ourselves on China and develop our traditional sports.（5）In the terms of teaching methods of physical education,the first one is the choice of physical education teaching methods,which means the goal should be built“feeling the happiness of study through developing interest” in the selection of teaching methods according to the specific content and according to the actual situation of students.The second one is that students should be the main body of the process and a variety of methods should be combined when using teaching methods.（6）In respect of the management of physical education classroom.The first one is prevention,which means we should establish a sense of prevention in the classroom management and "prevent small things from beginning to end";The second one is that we should learn to "be persuasive before punishments" in the specific implementation situation.（7）In the respect of the evaluation of physical education teaching,it mainly reflects student-oriented aspect,the diversification of evaluation content and the variation of evaluation methods.