Research On Space Adaptability And Humanized Transformation Design Strategy Of Old Kindergarten Based On Children's Psychological Behavior Characteristics

In 2016,China began to officially implement the "two-child" policy.With the increase of newborn population,it is expected that the number of preschool children will gradually increase from 2021,which will begin to put pressure on preschool education.As the most important carrier of children's study and life,kindergartens shoulder more and more responsibilities to cultivate children and solve social conflicts.With the proliferation of preschool children,it is inevitable that the per capita share of limited resources in kindergartens will decline.The development trend of new population has an important impact on the humanistic development and spatial adaptability of kindergartens.In addition,the problem of old kindergarten buildings has a certain impact on children's psychological and behavioral needs,suitability,sense of belonging and so on.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the transformation of the old kindergarten.Through qualitative and quantitative research methods,this paper firstly summarizes the basic theories related to children's psychological behavior characteristics,height scale,education model and so on through literature review.Secondly,parents and teachers who are closely related to children's daily life are surveyed and inquired.And the children's game test and observation,summed up the impact of different spatial elements on children's psychological behavior characteristics.At the same time,through the field survey and mapping of the old kindergartens,statistics of various economic and technical indicators,summarized the problems existing in the old kindergartens,and compared with the existing norms,the influencing factors affecting the spatial adaptability of the old kindergartens were obtained.Finally,based on the characteristics of children's psychological behavior,the paper puts forward the transformation principles and renewal models of old kindergartens.And from the architectural space,building facade,outdoor activity space,micro-space and security five aspects,put forward Guiyang old kindergarten space adaptive transformation design strategy,and put the research results into the actual project to test.The main research results are as follows:(1)Factors influencing the spatial adaptability of old kindergartens? Changes in population structure: the two-child policy leads to an increase in preschool children,and the per capita share of limited educational resources decreases,resulting in a spate of supply and demand.The increasing number of kindergarten class leads to crowding problem,and the influence and pressure on kindergarten space adaptation.? building aging: due to the early construction time,it passes through the baptism of time,the building aging problem.It is mainly divided into two aspects: one is the building structure,the other is the building "material".According to the survey,building aging is mostly the surface of the "material" aging,such as: space waste,roof leakage,power grid aging,and so on,and the existing kindergarten standards do not conform to the situation,these "material" aging have a certain impact on the spatial adaptability of kindergarten.? Reform of educational model: In recent years,kindergartens have begun to gradually develop towards the direction of openness and transparency.The educational demand and educational model will change from closed teaching to open teaching,and open teaching will become the development trend in the future.The change of education mode has a great impact on the spatial layout of the old kindergarten.? Development of children's psychological and behavioral needs: children's psychological and behavioral needs are constantly developing and changing.Kindergartens should not only meet the growing needs of children,but also pay attention to the sustainability of spatial adaptability.(2)Research results of spatial adaptive transformation design strategy of old kindergartens? Architectural space transformation strategy: In order to cope with different education modes,living space in kindergartens can be divided into two kinds of space transformation strategies,namely,unit space and open space.The public activity space is mostly shaped by using the traffic space,and pays attention to the spatial scale,interior color and the shaping of light and shadow.Advocate functional compound and elastic division and other transformation methods.? Reconstruction strategy of building facade: Reconstruction and renewal of facade is based on the psychological behavior characteristics of children,using the organization of exterior wall and window,material contrast and coordination,color contrast and coordination and other strategies to create aesthetic appearance as much as possible.On the premise of satisfying the function of the kindergarten and the architectural character,the facade of childlike innocence is created.? Outdoor activity site reconstruction strategy: create a multi-functional game area in the reconstruction strategy to make up for the lack of land area,and consider the orientation and sight accessibility design in the outdoor activity site.Secondly,the transition space between indoor and outdoor is created to enrich the communication space,and the activity platform on the roof is optimized to improve the utilization rate,so as to make up for the class activity space.The last is the placement of natural elements.? Transformation strategy of micro-space: small space creates spatial functional complexity and diversity,integrates existing corners and abandoned Spaces,and creates public micro-space suitable for children.The transformation design strategy of the micro-space combining landscape and function is mainly aimed at the outdoor micro-space,which refers to the local outdoor activity space in the park.The transformation strategy of micro-space is committed to the sustainable development of children's psychological and behavioral needs and spatial adaptability.? Security transformation strategy: To ensure the safety of children in all aspects is the premise and foundation of the transformation of old kindergartens.The security transformation of old kindergartens includes entrance safety,fire safety,building structure and details safety,outdoor environment safety and other transformation strategies.