Evaluation Of Epiphyte Diversity In Ancient Buildings In Hainan And Its Application In Gardens

In this study,vascular epiphytes attached to 44 ancient buildings in Hainan Island were taken as the research objects.The main research purposes of the study included:?Study the diversity of epiphytes to reveal the species attributes and distribution patterns,and to explore the possible ecological significance of ancient buildings;?Explore the influence of enviormental factors on the distribution of epiphyties in ancient buildings by virtue of CCA;?Evaluate comprehensively of epiphyties in ancient buildings by AHP to screen out the plant materials suitable for wall greening.The results were as follows:(1)Totally,253 epiphytic vascular plants from 200 genera of 81 families were recorded,including 18 species of ferns(12 families and 15 genera,with an individual number of 7943)and 235 species of angiosperms(69 families and 185 genera,with an individual number of 17672).Among them,41 species were annual herbs,accounted for 16.21%of the total species;79 species were perennial herbs,accounted for 31.23%;41 species were trees,accounted for 16.21%;32 species were shrubs,accounted for 12.65%;26 species were herbaceous vines,accounted for 10.28%and 34 species were woody vines,accounted for 13.44%of total species.The proportion of woody plants(tree,shrub and woody liana)and herbaceous plants(annual herbs,perennial herb and herbaceous lianas)were 42.29%and 57.71%respectively.(2)Among the 253 species,191 were native plants,accounting for 74.70%of the total species(including 2 Hainan's endemic species and 4 endangered plants).The remaining 62 plants were exotic species,accounting for 25.30%of the total species,including 18 cultivated species(7.11%),3 fugitive species(1.19%)and 41 invasive alien species(16.21%).(3)Investigation found that 9 species,including Nephrolepis cordifolia,Pilea microphylla,Adiantum caudatum,Ficus hisp i da,F.tinctoria,F.pumila,Eupatorium odoratum,Eremochloa ciliaris and Cissus repen were the most common species are.The total number of individual plants is 1 4025,accounting for 54.75%of the total number of individual plants of all species(25 615).In contrast,there are a large number of epiphytes which are extremely scarce.For example,there are 105 plants whose individual number is less than 5,and the total number of these 105 plants is only 204,accounting for 0.80%of the total number of individual plants.These species can be called "rare species”and"random species" of ancient buildings,mainly trees and shrubs.(4)Shannon diversity index(H)of vacular epiphytes in ancient buildings in Hainan ranges from 0.25 to 2.75,the highest is the old street of Qilou in Haikou City,and the lowest is the volcanic dwelling of Tanchang Village in Chengmai County.Among them,the Shannon diversity index of herbaceous plants ranges from 0.38 to 2.68,the highest is Yayong Village Old Valley in Haikou City,the lowest is Huangliu Village Old House in Ledong City;the Shannon diversity index of woody plants ranges from 0 to 2.30,the highest is Dougou Tower in Wenchang City,and the lowest is Fuxing Tower in Meishu Village in Haikou City.Simpson diversity index(D)of epiphytic plant species in ancient buildings in Hainan ranges from 0.08 to 0.90,with the highest being Wugong Temple in Haikou City and the lowest being Tanchang Village volcanic dwellings in Chengmai County.Simpson diversity index of herbaceous plants ranges from 0.15 to 0.88,with the highest being Riding Tower in Sanya City and the lowest being Huangliu Village Ancient House in Ledong City.Simpson diversity index of woody plants ranged from 0 to 0.86,the highest was Dougou Tower in Wenchang City and the lowest was Fuxing Building in Meishu Village,Haikou City.Pielou diversity index(J)of epiphytic plant species in ancient buildings in Hainan ranges from 0.12 to 0.97,with the highest being Meitao Village Diaolou in Chengmai County and the lowest being Tanchang Village volcanic dwelling in Chengmai County.Pielou diversity index of herbaceous plants ranges from 0.2 to 1,with the highest being Chengmai Meitao Village Diaolou and Jukuita in Qionghai City and the lowest being Wang Zhaosong's former residence in Yimen Village in Wenchang City.Pielou diversity index of woody plants ranged from 0.03 to 1,with the highest being the Riding Tower of Florebe Village in Ledong City and the lowest being Wang Zhaosong's former residence in Yimen Village in Wenchang City.The three species diversity indices of Tanchangcun volcanic dwellings in Chengmai County are the lowest,indicating that their species diversity is the worst;Simpson diversity index(D)and Shannon diversity index(H)of epiphytic herbs on Huangliu Village ancient dwellings in Ledong City are the lowest,indicating that their herbaceous species diversity is the worst.Simpson Diversity Index(D)and Shannon Diversity Index(H)of woody plants are the highest in Wenchang,indicating that the diversity of woody plants is the richest.Epiphytic woody plants are recorded on the ancient buildings of the Arcade in Sanya.The results of Jaccard's similarity coefficient show that the similarity index between epiphytic vascular plants in 44 ancient buildings in Hainan Island is very low.The similarity index is below 0.5.The similarity index between ancient buildings is between 0.25 and 0.50 in 71 places.The highest similarity index is 0.4630,which is Ding'an Ximen Street(Chengmen Wall)and Fucheng Gulou.The lowest similarity index is 0 and 91 places.(5)Six environmental factors were studied in this paper.Among them,the quantitative environmental factors were epiphytic height and building age,and the qualitative environmental factors were epiphytic orientation,building materials,geographical location and geographical location.CCA and Poisson regression analysis showed that epiphytic height,building materials and geographical location had significant effects on the distribution of epiphytic species.Among them,the environmental factors of architectural age only affect the species distribution of epiphytic woody plants,while the environmental factors of epiphytic orientation only affect the species distribution of local epiphytic plants.The results of CCA analysis showed that the six environmental factors explained only 10.93%.The results of Poisson multiple regression also showed that the impact of Habitat Environmental Factors on species richness was weak(R=2.5%),which corresponded to the results of CCA,indicating that the impact of environmental factors on species distribution of epiphytic vascular plants in ancient buildings in Hainan was not comprehensive enough.(6)The survey recorded 253 epiphytic plants in ancient buildings in Hainan.After preliminary selection,102 plants were used for comprehensive evaluation of landscape application(AHP method).According to the results of plant comprehensive evaluation,16 of 102epiphytes belong to grade I,67 to grade I I and 19 to grade I I I.