Analysis And Research On The Authenticity Of Cornus Based On The Evaluation Of Medicinal Material Quality And Cultivation Soil Factors

Corni Fructus,the dried ripe fruit pulp of the Cornaceae plant Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.,is a traditional and precious medicinal material in China.Due to the uneven quality of Corni Fructus medicinal materials currently in the market,it is difficult to guarantee the authenticity of Corni Fructus and the quality and efficacy of the medicinal materials,resulting in different quality of Corni Fructus medicinal materials from different regions.Therefore,it is a significant question to study the differences of the composition of Corni Fructus from different regions,reveal the cause of authenticity of Corni Fructus and control the quality of Corni Fructus.In this study,29 batches of Corni Fructus medicinal materials and their cultivation soil were collected from 7 provinces in Zhejiang,Shaanxi,Henan,Gansu,Shanxi,Anhui,and Sichuan provinces.The impurities,moisture,ash,extracts,active ingredients and inorganic elements of the Corni Fructus samples were studied and analyzed.Combining with the physical and chemical properties,the content of inorganic element and the diversity of cultivated soil fungal were analyzed comprehensively.To explore the quality differences of the Corni Fructus in different regions and the reasons for their authenticity,this study aims to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the standardized cultivation,quality control,development and utilization of Corni Fructus.The main research contents and results are as follows:1.Quality determination of Corni Fructus from different regionsThe content of impurities,moisture,ash and leach of Corni Fructus samples were checked accordance with the provisions of the inspection method under the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Part 4 of 2015 Edition).The results showed that the samples of Corni Fructus contained impurities,moisture,total ash and water soluble extrac take up 0.63%?2.87%,7.30%?13.07%,4.00%?6.91%,44.87%?58.96%,respectively.It showed that the index content of the Corni Fructus samples from different places were various.According to the provisions of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 Edition),the pass rate of the samples in 29 places is 76%.2.Determination and analysis the various active ingredients of Corni Fructus from different regionsGallic acid,protocatechuic acid,5-HMF,morroniside,loganin,sweroside and cornuside were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.The results showed that the contents of morroniside,loganin,cornuside,sweroside,gallic acid,5-HMF and protocatechuic acid were 10.326?25.785 mg/g,4.539?12.287 mg/g,1.198?2.930 mg/g,0.815?1.844 mg/g,0.179?1.458 mg/g,0.361?1.237 mg/g and 0.064?0.527 mg/g,respectively.Judging the quality of the Corni Fructus according to the content of active ingredients,the quality of each production area is various greatly,and the quality of Corni Fructus in Shaanxi,Henan provinces and other authentic production areas has obvious advantages.3.Determination and analysis the inorganic elements of Corni Fructus from different regions and their cultivated soilsThe ICP-AES method was used to determine the 14 inorganic elements of the Corni Fructus and its cultivated soil.The results showed that the 14 kinds of inorganic elements in the samples of Corni Fructus in different producing areas were all different,but there is little difference between different samples from neighboring areas.Most of the samples with higher sum of medicinal element content come from Shaanxi and Henan Provinces,which are the authentic producing areas.The contents of 14 kinds of inorganic elements in the soil samples of Corni Fructus from different places were as follows:Fe>K>Ca>Na>Mg>Mn>Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb>As>Cd>Hg.The enrichment ability of the Corni Fructus to different metal elements in soil is different diminishingly:K>Ca>Mg>Pb>Zn>Cu>Hg>As>Cd>Cr>Ni>Fe>Na>Mn.4.The influence of soil factors in different producing areas on the quality of the Corni FructusThe correlation between soil factors and the active ingredient content of Corni Fructus was analyzed by measuring the pH,nitrate content,ammonia nitrogen content,phosphate content,urease activity and phosphatase activity of the soil from the cultivation of the Corni Fructus in different regions.The results showed that the pH of 29 soil samples ranged from 7.043 to 8.020,the nitrate nitrogen content ranged from 0.6193 to 2.2197 mg/kg,the ammonia nitrogen content ranged from 0.1930 to 9.6203 mg/kg,the phosphate content ranged from 0.0590 to 5.1103 mg/kg,urease activity range is 1.0849?11.3877 mg/g,and phosphatase activity range is 0.0380?0.2294 mg/g.The correlation analysis showed that the effective component from Corni Fructus in different production areas hads a certain correlation with its corresponding soil factors.There was a significant positive correlation between the acidity and alkalinity content and the content of morroniside,and the nitrate nitrogen content was extremely significantly positively correlated with the content of arbutin and swertiaside,and there was a significant positive correlation with the content of gallic acid.5.Analysis of the diversity of fungal communities in the soil for growing Corni Fructus in different regionsThe composition of fungal colonies,fungal diversity,and relative abundance distribution of fungi were studied by high-throughput sequencing of soil samples from Corni Fructus in different regions.The results showed that fungi in soil samples for growing Corni Fructus belonged to 11 phyla,24 classes,71 orders,151 families,267 genera,and 280 species in total.The diversity and abundance of fungal communities were showed certain differences.In addition,there was a certain consistency in the results of fungus community diversity analysis in the genuine producing areas of Shaanxi and Henan provinces,indicating that the diversity of soil fungi and microorganisms was closely related to the genuine origin of Corni Fructus.