| On the basis of literature research and origin investigation,this paper carried out the research of modern drying processing of Astragali Radix;Scutellariae Radix and Stellariae Radix in Liupanshan,Ningxia.In order to evaluate the quality of the dried medicinal materials,the water dynamic parameters,the appearance of the dried medicinal materials and multi-component indexes were evaluated.According to the evaluation results to determine the appropriate drying processing mode of each medicine.The draft of SOPs for the modern drying process at the origin of those medicinal materials were formulated.1 Research of modern drying process of Astragali RadixDifferent drying methods(sun drying,infrared drying,hot-air drying,microwave drying)and temperatures(40?,50?,60?,70?)were used for fresh Astragali Radix.Recorded the weight of Astragali Radix according to the planned drying time,and calculated the value of MR.According to this,Weibull distribution function was used to simulate the water change curve of Astragali Radix and calculate the drying activation energy.The results showed that the drying rate of it decreased during the drying process,and the activation energy of hot air drying was the lowest.The appearance of Astragali Radix obtained by different drying methods were quite different.Appearances of them dried by infrared and hot air were similar to that dried by sun.The section color were light yellow and the air were tiny,which met the requirements of the current version of the "Ch P 2015".However,appearance of them dried by microwave were scorched and rich in caramel gas,which did not meet the requirements of the appearance of Astragali Radix,so microwave drying was not suitable for Astragali Radix.Based on the retention of the index components in Astragali Radix during drying prosess,UPLC-TQ-MS was used to determine the content of 17 components of saponins and flavonoids in Astragali Radix with different drying methods.Sulfuric acid-phenol method was used to determine the content of polysaccharides.According to the results of 18 components,the drying results of Astragali Radix were evaluated by PCA.The results showed that these components of Astragali Radix dried in infrared 60? and hot air 50? had better retention.Comprehensive factors of drying energy consumption,appearance,and ingredient retention,the appropriate modern drying process for Astragali Radix was determined as follows: fresh Astragali Radix was dried with hot air drying at 50? until the moisture content droped belowTo study the changes of saponins and flavonoids during the drying process,this study compared the content of 16 saponins and flavonoids under fresh state(A),keep moist at 45?(strong enzyme activity)(B)and hot air drying at 45?(C)(less moisture in medicinal materials)in Astragali Radix.ANOVA was used to compare the differences between groups.The results showed that(1)The content of formononetin,calycosin,medicarpin in group B was significantly lower than that in groups A and C,suggested that the appropriate temperature and the appropriate amount of medicinal materials The water content of the medicinal materials can increase the content of flavonoid aglycones,which may be related to the degradation of flavonoid glycosides;(2)The content of astragaloside ? in group B was greater than that in groups A and C,and significantly higher than that in group C,suggested that due to the similar structure of the saponins contained in Astragali Radix,there was a phenomenon that other saponins were converted to astragaloside ? under the action of enzymes.2 Research of modern drying process of Scutellariae RadixDifferent drying methods(sun drying,air drying,infrared drying,hot-air drying,microwave drying)and temperatures(50?,60?,70?,80?)were used for fresh Scutellariae Radix.Recorded the weight of Scutellariae Radix according to the planned drying time,and calculated the value of MR.According to this,Weibull distribution function was used to simulate the water change curve of it and calculate the drying activation energy.The results showed that the drying rate of it decreased during the drying process,and the activation energy of hot air drying method was the lowest.Therefore,the method of hot air drying at 60? was adopted after water boiling "enzyme-denautred" and microwave "enzyme-denautred".Appearance of them obtained by different drying methods were quite different.Surfaces of them dried by hot air after "enzymedenautred" had no green spots.It met the requirements of brown or dark yellow on the surface of Scutellariae Radix in the current version of the "Ch P 2015".They were scorch obtained by microwave drying at 60??80?.Scutellariae Radix dried by Infrared;hot air;sun;microwave drying at 50? not only took a long time,but also green spots appeared on the surface of Scutellariae Radix,which did not meet the requirements of the appearance of the Scutellariae Radix.Based on the retention of flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix during drying process,UPLCTQ-MS was used to determine the content of 9 flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix with different drying methods.Based on the quality of Scutellariae Radix in the current version of the "Ch P2015",the content of baicalin was used as a reference,supplemented by the content of the remaining ingredients,to evaluate the quality of different dried Scutellariae Radix.The results showed that the content of baicalin in Scutellariae Radix after boiling "enzyme-denautred" was generally higher than that after microwave "enzyme-denautred" and direct drying.The total content of these 9 components and the flavonoid glycosides were higher in the "enzymedenautred " samples.Therefore,in order to ensure the quality of Scutellariae Radix,"enzymedenautred" is necessary,and it plays a role to protecting glycosides".It is a better method to quickly heat the Scutellariae Radix to the temperature of enzyme inactivation.Comprehensive drying energy consumption,appearance,and ingredient retention factors,the appropriate modern drying process for Scutellariae Radix was determined as follows: fresh Scutellariae Radix was boiled in hot water above 80? for 10?15 minutes,and then dried by hot air at 60?,until the moisture droped below 12%.3 Research of modern drying process of Stellariae RadixDifferent drying methods(sun drying,air drying,infrared drying,temperature and humidity controled drying,microwave drying)and temperatures(50?,60?,70?,80?)were used for fresh Stellariae Radix.Record the weight of Stellariae Radix according to the planned drying time,and calculated the value of MR.According to this,Weibull distribution function was used to simulate the water change curve of Stellariae Radix and calculate the drying activation energy.The results showed that the drying rate of it decreased during the drying process,and the activation energy of temperature and humidity controlled drying method was the lowest.Appearances of them obtained by different drying methods were quite different,and the skin parts of Stellariae Radix dried in sun-dried,air-dried,temperature and humidity-controlled 60 and 70?were relatively complete.Skin of them dried by infrared and microwave were severely separated,samples dried by microwave at 70 and 80? were scorch.Based on the retention of components in Stellariae Radix during drying process,three alkaloids and flavonoids(dichotomine B,schaftoside,dichotomine H)were isolated and purified.Their contents were determined in different dried samples.Schaftoside was isolated from Stellariae Radix for the first time.UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used to identify a total of 17 components of alkaloids,organic acids,and flavonoids in Stellariae Radix,and the internal standard method was used to analyze the relative content of the identified components(except those which have been isolated and purified);UPLC-Qtrap-MS was used to determine the content of 12 nucleoside and 17 amino acid in Stellariae Radix.PCA was used to evaluate the drying results of Stellariae Radix.As for 18 components of alkaloids,organic acids and flavonoids,fresh;sun-drying;temperature and humidity controlled drying at 60?;infrared drting at 60? had better retention of these components.As for 29 nucleosides and amino acids,air drying;microwave drying at 50?;fresh;temperature and humidity controlled drying at 60? had better retention of these components.Therefore,temperature and humidity control drying at 60°C can better retain all types of ingredients in Stellariae Radix.Comprehensive drying energy consumption,appearance,and ingredient retention factors,the appropriate modern drying process for Stellariae Radix was determined as follows: fresh Stellariae Radix was dried with temperature and humidity controlled drying at 60? until the moisture content droped below 13%.In summary,this study determined the suitable modern drying processing methods for drying of Astragali Radix;Scutellariae Radix and Stellariae Radix,which can provided references for the quality control of them;provided ideas for the research on the drying processing of root TCM.It also can be used as a reference to evaluate the quality of TCM after drying. |
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