Research On The Writing Of Chinese Bamboo Slips In Maquanwan

The Han bamboo slips unearthed in majuanwan of Dunhuang in 1976 are an important part of the Han bamboo slips of Dunhuang.The writing time is concentrated in the Xuandi,Pingdi and Xinmang periods of the Western Han Dynasty,with various forms and extensive contents.The characters on bamboo slips include clerical script,cursive script,seal script and new clerical script.This paper not only through a large number of picture comparison and data comparison,intuitively explains the writing style and structural characteristics of the Han bamboo slips in majuanwan.In addition,the overall writing situation of the Han bamboo slips in maquanwan was comprehensively investigated by analyzing the actual environment,the situation of the famous calligrapher in the bamboo slips,the writing tools,and the different writing methods of various styles of the frontier beacon towers from Xuandi to Xinmang of the Western Han Dynasty in maquanwan,Dunhuang.This paper is divided into the following four parts:The first chapter introduces the excavation of the site of beacon towers in majuanwan.The bamboo slips unearthed at Beacon site in maquanwan have various forms and rich contents.The earliest bamboo slips were written in the first three years of emperor Xuandi's reign(71 B.C.),and the latest bamboo slips were written in 22 A.D.,with a writing span of 93 years.The unearthed writing tools are very complete,which provided material guarantee for the writing activities at that time.The second chapter mainly explains the writing characteristics of the Han bamboo slips in majuanwan.Zhengshu includes official script,seal script and new clerical script.Official script can be divided into classic official script and classical official script according to style characteristics.The classical official script gradually replaced the classical official script in the late Western Han Dynasty and became the most important official script style.The writing method of the classical official script was effectively inherited in the Eastern Han Dynasty and later times.Through the comparison of the writing methods and structures between the classical official script and the classical official script.The official script of the Han Dynasty in maquanwan shows the aesthetic characteristics of mature writing,natural rules,diverse styles and standardized structure,which is closely related to the improvement of writing tools and the needs of social environment.The seal script of the Han bamboo slips in maquanwan embodies the daily writing state of the seal script in the late Western Han Dynasty,while the transitional font is based on the lifting and pressing strokes of the classical official script and the square structure of the classical official script,which jointly indicates the birth of the new font.The third chapter focuses on the analysis of the brushwork and structural characteristics of the Han bamboo slips in majuanwan.In terms of cursive strokes,there is not only the cursive writing style of the single character,but also a large number of side fronts and continuous twists,which make the strokes richer.The cursive script of the Han Dynasty in majuanwan has a high degree of grassing,and its glyph is relatively fixed,which belongs to the middle and late stage of the development of cursive script.The similarity between the cursive script of majuanwan Han bamboo slips and Juyan Han bamboo slips is about 95%,and that of Yinwan Han bamboo slips is about 89%.It can be seen that the cursive script is basically fixed from the late Western Han Dynasty to the early Eastern Han Dynasty,with a high popularity.The majuanwan cursive script is simple and natural,and its fast writing is more suitable for the heavy military affairs in the border areas of the Western Han Dynasty than the neat official script.The fourth chapter focuses on the basic situation of the writing activities of the beacon towers.In the Han bamboo slips of majuanwan,the documents conveyed upward are written neatly and those conveyed downward are written casually.The more practical the document is,the more sloppy the document is,and the more marked the document is,the more neat the document is.It shows that the choice of the style of the Han bamboo slips in majuanwan is closely related to the style.In the unearthed Han bamboo slips,the possibility of writing by the scribes and the chief of beacon towers in person and the possibility of writing by the qiangfu of beacon towers and the grass-roots garrison exist at the same time.Among them,Cang Jie Pian chapter can not only teach literacy,but also calligraphy.The official documents,letters and personnel exchanges with the frontier fortress in daily office will promote cultural exchanges,and at the same time make the writing style of the frontier break the impact of the desolate environment in the northwest border area,and be influenced by the excellent writing style of other places.In Han Dynasty,the strokes and the structure of the characters in the Central Plains and the border areas were basically synchronized,which promoted the unification of the symbolization of cursive script.During the period from Xuandi to Xinmang in the Western Han Dynasty,the guards of the beacon towers towers in majuanwan of Dunhuang skillfully used various typefaces to deal with various complex styles when dealing with a large number of border military affairs.At that time,although cursive script had been skillfully used in the northwest frontier,the neat official script was still the main application.The writing of the Han bamboo slips in maquanwan is not only artistic,but also valuable for research.It is of great significance to study the calligraphy of the Western Han Dynasty by comprehensively investigating the writing of the Han bamboo slips in maquanwan.