A Related Study On The Modern Chinese Concurrent Word "hard"

In recent years,�multi-category words� in modern Chinese has been a hot research topic.�Hard(ying)�,as a �multi-category word�,has two usages: adjective and adverb.This article mainly describes the synchronic usage of �hard(ying)�,discusses the semantic types and pragmatic functions of the adjective and adverb �hard(ying)� in detail,and analyzes the part of speech,the word meaning evolution process and its corresponding reasons of �hard(ying)�.This article uses semantic analysis,grammaticalization and other theories and approaches to discuss the basic semantics,the basic functions,and the evolution of�hard(ying)� from semantic types,pragmatic functions,and diachronic evolution perspectives.This article consists of five chapters.The first chapter mainly summarizes the correlational researches on �hard(ying)� and briefly represents the research background,research theories and methods.The second chapter mainly discusses the semantic types of adjective �hard(ying)�in different language units.In different linguistic units,it has various semantic types,which are similar but not identical.The third chapter discusses the semantic and pragmatic functions of the adverb�hard(ying)�.Its semantic functions include: doing something firmly,doing something stubbornly,doing something reluctantly,and doing something forcefully.The adverb�hard(ying)� is subjective and expresses the speaker's subjective evaluation of a person or event which is contrary to a certain expectation.This evaluation can be divided into positive evaluation and negative evaluation.The fourth chapter is to sort out the diachronic evolution and grammaticalization of semantics of �hard(ying)�.This chapter systematically describes the �hard(ying)�semantic evolution process,as well as the motivation and mechanism of this evolution.Among them,the metaphor mechanism and subjectivization are the main reasons.The fifth chapter is a conclusion part.This chapter explained the main research contents,the shortcomings and some issues that need further discussion of this article.