Research On Some Theoretical Issues Of Non-subject-predicate Sentences In Chinese

On the basis of previous studies,this paper discusses several necessary theoretical issues related to non-subject-predicate sentence,and redefines and analyzes non-subject-predicate sentence on the basis of these issues.First of all,this paper discusses the sentence and clause in Chinese,and puts forward a new concept of clause.The difference between clause and sentence is that there is no intonation or mood.Clause is a word or phrase formed under the condition of specific connection with the context,which has a specific truth value meaning.Clause,as the highest level unit of syntax,forms a sentence by combining with intonation and mood.Sentence is the lowest level unit in a text,which can form more advanced text units such as complex sentence and sentence group.Interjection sentence is a special form of sentence,which is only composed of intonation and mood,but it has to have an additional carrier,which does not have the ability to express meaning.Modal particle is the embodiment of intonation and mood in form to a certain extent,which does not belong to the syntactic level.The component with modal particle must not be a clause.On this basis,we believe that nonsubject-predicate sentences should be analyzed at the sentence level.Secondly,on the basis of topic theory,it discusses the topic,subject and subject-predicate relationship in Chinese.There is no strict subject predicate structure or syntactic subject in Chinese.The subject-predicate relationship in Chinese is expressed through the topic explanation structure,which is only a kind of connection in meaning.On this basis,the essence of subject predicate sentence is a complex sentence composed of two sentences with subject predicate relationship in meaning.For the sake of operability,we use a part of subject predicate sentence to refer to the whole subject-predicate sentence and define it as a sentence that can form subject-predicate relationship with any other component in the text.Through this definition,we can deduce the definition of non-subject-predicate sentence as a sentence that can not form a subject-predicate relationship with any other component in the text.Finally,the scope and classification of non-subject-predicate sentences are discussed.In terms of the relationship between non-subject-predicate sentence and ellipsis sentence and existential sentence,it is considered that non-subject-predicate sentence and the two are mutually interlaced,and there is no absolute inclusion or exclusion.As for the classification of non-subject-predicate sentences,they can be divided into two categories: formally meaningful sentences and formally meaningless sentences.Formally meaningless sentences only include exclamatory sentences.Formally meaningful sentences can be further divided into absolute non-subjectpredicate sentences and relative non-subject-predicate sentences.Absolutely nonsubject-predicate sentences can be divided into adverbial non-subject-predicate sentences,numeral sentences and onomatopoeia sentences in nature;Relative nonsubject-predicate sentences include nominal non-subject-predicate sentences,verbal non-subject-predicate sentences and adjective non-subject-predicate sentences.