A Study Of Dialect Phonetics In Shuangchi Town, Jiaokou County, Shanxi Province

Shuangchi Town is located in the east of Jiao kou county,Lvliang city,Shanxi province.Shuangchi dialect belongs to Lvliang dialect of Jin grope（晋语）.Shuangchi dialect,Taohongpo dialect and Shuitou dialect are representative dialects in Jiaokou County.Shuangchi dialect has nineteen initials,thirty-nine finals,and five tones.Tone of Yinping（阴平）and Shangsheng（上声）are merged,and the entering tone is divided into Yinru（阴入）and Yangru（阳入）.The non-soft disyllable words of the Shuangchi dialect has a complex tone sandhi.The tone sandi of Qusheng is the most regular,which basically read as its original tone.The tone sandi of the entering tone is the most complicated.Shuangchi dialect has a lot of reduplication.There are two types of tone sandhi of that in Shuangchi dialect,namely nouns and verbs.And the pattern of nouns is more complicated.There are also a lot of "zi" ending words（子尾词）in Shuangchi dialect,in which noun suffix "zi" becomes the entering tone,with the tonal value of 4 or 21.Softly after words usually read the tonal value of 21.Shuangchi dialect has systematic literal and colloquial variants.The variants of initial are mainly manifested in Ni（泥母）,Jian grope and fully voiced initials in the Middle Age.The variants of finals are more universal.Literal and colloquial variants are the most systematic in the she of Dangjiang（宕江摄）and Zenggeng（曾梗摄）.Colloquial pronunciation is also the most complicated.Most of these colloquial pronunciations are left over from the northwest dialect of the Tang and Song dynasties,and a few of the pronunciations are Fenhe dialect.There are some characteristics of this phenomenon.The distribution of literary and colloquial pronunciations are uneven,and they have respective functions.Colloquial pronunciation are complex.Compared with the Chinese pronunciation in the Middle Age,there are some characteristics of Shuangchi dialect:In terms of initials,Shuangchi dialect regardless of the Jianyin（尖音）and Tuanyin（团音）,the initials from the Jing and Jianxiao group in the Middle Age are palatalized into the tongue sounds（?）.There is no labiodental sound in Shuangchi dialect.Besides,the initials of the Zhi zhuang Zhang Group（知庄章组）and Jing Group（精组）in the Middle Age are pronunced as[ts],[tsh],[s]in Shuangchi dialect.In terms of finals,apart from that Xianshanshe Sansideng（咸山摄三四等韵）transfered to Yinrhyme（阴声韵）,characters be longed to xian（咸）,shen（深）,shan（山）,zhen（臻）,dang（宕）jiang（江）,zeng（曾）,geng（梗）,tong（通）in the Middle Age read as back nasal rhyme in Shuangchi dialect.And the Shuangchi dialect retains the opposite of the first and second rhymes in the Middle Age.In terms of tone,the plain sound of the Qingshengmu（清声母）in the Middle Age is pronounced as Yinping（阴平）,and that of the fully voiced initials are pronounced as Yangping（阳平）in the Shuangchi dialect.Yinping（阴平）and Shangsheng（上声）are merged in Shuangchi dialect.Besides,the entering tone is divided into Yinru(（阴入）and Yangru（阳入）.Some changes have taken place in the pronunciation of Shuangchi dialect among young people.The change of vowels is the biggest,and there are seven main types of changes,including Gaohua（高化）,Dihua（低化）,disappearance of vowels,reduction of colloquial pronunciation,differences in Sihu（四呼）,the addition,transfersation and merge of rhymes.There are many reasons that affect the evolution of pronunciation in young people.The fundamental reason is that in order to maintain the internal systematicness of the language,it is needed to adjust continuously to rebalance the phonology.In addition,the economic principle of the language,and the influence of Mandarin and time,also worked on the evolution of Shuangchi dialect’s pronunciation.Shuangchi dialect is a part of Jin grope,of which entering tone is a major feature.The entering tone is relatively intact in Shuangchi dialect.The proportion of the entering tone words take placed Shuhua（舒化）does not exceed 20%.Some level tone words take placed Cuhua（舒声促化）in Shuangchi dialect.There are some reasons,for example,the soft suffix Cuhua,the prefix "ge "（圪）promotes the root Cuhua.the prefix Cuhua in order to raise communication efficiency,and that can be promoted after the end of the nasal rhyme.