| According to dual-process theory,human cognition is characterized by two distinctive cognitive systems--a fast,autonomic,effortless intuitive process based on belief,and a slow,controlled,demanding analytic process.Event-related potentials on dual process account focus on N2 and P3 component.N2 component reflect the conflict of intuitive and analytic process,while P3 component is related to the satisfaction of cognitive resource.Recent studies have shown that intuitive and analytical processing are not two independent systems,analytical process can transform to intuitive process by the familiarity of schema after training.During this transformation,the characteristics of the corresponding EEG components(such as N2/P3)are worth revealing.Previous studies of dual-process account always utilize reasoning task and the embedded Chinese character task as materials,these materials of laboratory situations are difficult and not common in daily life,so it's difficult for participants to become familiar with these task by a short period of training.Therefore,it is necessary to prepare materials according to a common phenomena.Gestalt phenomenon of vision is the tendency of human to organize complex information into a whole according to Gestalt laws,it is an universal characteristic of human visual.It is proved that Gestalt perception has the characters of intuitive process.Based on this,the current study combined dual-process account and Gestalt theory,prepared the intuitive,Gestalt materials and the analytic,non-Gestalt materials,and investigated the transformation from analytic process to intuitive process of non-Gestalt task using ERP technology.The current study includes two experiments: in experiment 1,the ERP characteristics of intuitive and analytic process were investigated under two types of tasks.Experiment 2 further reveals the change mode of ERP index the transformation from analytic processing to intuitive processing under this task.Experiment 1 uses 2(Material type: gestalt/non-gestalt)× 2(Attainability:attainable/unattainable)in-subjects design,participants was required to complete different types of jigsaw puzzle tasks on the screen.Experiment 1 investigated the ERP components reflected in jigsaw puzzle task based on Gestalt theory.The behavior result showed that the RT of Gestalt task is significantly shorter than RT of non-Gestalt task.The ERP result showed that the P2 and N2 amplitude of non-Gestalt task is larger;as for P3 component,under Gestalt condition,the P3 amplitude of attainable task is significantly larger than unattainable task,while there is no significant difference under non-Gestalt condition.Experiment 2 uses the jigsaw puzzle material prepared in experiment 1,use2(Material type: gestalt/non-gestalt)× 2(Training: before/after)in-subjects design,including three blocks: before training,training and after training.Experiment 2explored the ERP characteristics of the transformation of analytic process to intuitive process by training.The results of experiment 2 showed that training had a significant effect on jigsaw puzzle task,and this effect can be observed when the puzzle pieces occur.After training,the RT and ACC of non-Gestalt(analytic)task both improved,and the N2 amplitude of non-Gestalt task was reduced after training.For N2 component,there is no significant difference between Gestalt and non-Gestalt task after training.However,Gestalt and non-Gestalt task still reduced different P2 amplitude.Based on the results of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2,this study draws the following conclusions:(1)The difference between intuitive processing and analytical processing under the Gestalt task is mainly reflected on ERP component N2;(2)Non-gestalt task can transform from analysis processing to intuitive processing by training,and the amplitude of the EEG component N2 is also reduced.This study provides reliable evidence for the transformation of the two types of process,and enriched the research materials of dual-process theory. |
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