On Prussian Educational Reform 1807-1871

In 1806,the defeat of Prussia against France in the Fourth War of the Anti-French League pushed the state to make a comprehensive reform.The initial architect of the educational reform,Humboldt,reorganized Prussian education on the basis of the eighteenth-century educational reform,and many of the initiatives of this reform were groundbreaking for the development of German education and are key to understanding the modern German educational model.This thesis focuses on literature analysis to sort out the important measures,main achievements and practical difficulties of Prussian education reform in this period,and further analyzes the great significance of these measures to the development of Prussian education.First,it explains the historical background of educational reform,and analyzes the motivation and guiding ideology of the reform from the aspects of politics,culture and the predicament of educational development itself.Secondly,this paper points out that the great achievement of Prussia's reform is the establishment of Prussian national education system in the field of primary education.Gymnasium and Realschule in the field of secondary education are gradually standardized under the guidance of the government,which also causes the continuous differentiation of secondary education types and forms the historical tradition of German education diversion.In the field of higher education,the establishment of the University of Berlin is a representative example of the promotion of modern university concepts and models.Finally,Prussian education reform brought further secularization and nationalization of German education.The reform made the Prussian teacher profession become professional and professional,forming the German tradition of attaching importance to teacher education.The whole process of standardized and strict education has brought public recognition of German education and shaped and expanded a new educated class.