"Qi Shu Jue" And "Shi Yin", And A Comparative Study On The Rhyme Used By Poyang Poets In The Song Dynasty

The phonetic study of Song Dynasty is an important part of the study of Chinese phonetic history and dialect history.The systematic study of phonetics can not only be based on the traditional rhyme dictionary,but also on the phonetic interpretation,rhyme tables and rhyme.The Tang Shu Shi Yin(《唐书释音》)by Dong Heng of Raozhou in the Northern Song Dynasty,the Qi Shu Jue(《起数诀》)by Zhu Mi of Poyang in the Southern Song Dynasty and the rhyme materials of the people from Poyang in the Song Dynasty can all be used as the materials to study the phonetics of Poyang in the Song Dynasty.Through the comparative study of Qi Shu Jue,Tang Shu Shi Yin and poetry rhyme of Poyang in Song Dynasty,this paper explores the actual situation of Song Dynasty phonetics and Poyang dialect phenomenon.Through the comparative study of the three materials,it is found that there are 41initials in Qi Shu Jue and 38 initials in Tang Shu Shi Yin.The similarities between them lie in the evolution of voiced sound(浊音清化),in the mixed use of Feng initial(奉母)and Xiaoxia initial(晓匣母)and the range of zero initials is expanding.The differences lie in the degree of differentiation of light labial(轻唇音),the differentiation of dorso-prepalate(舌上音)and the confluence of Zhi group(知组),Zhao group(照组)and Jing group(精组).In terms of rhyme group,there are 206rhymes in Qi Shu Jue,132 rhymes in Tang Shu Shi Yin,22 rhymes in ancient style poetry and 19 rhymes in modern style poetry of Poyang people in Song Dynasty;The similarity of the three lies in the independence of the convergent rhyme groups(韵摄)of Jia(假),Shen(深);The differences lie in(1)the first and second division of the convergent rhyme groups of Xie(蟹)and the first and third division of the convergent rhyme groups of Dang(宕)are separated in Tang Shu Shi Yin and Qi Shu Jue,and merged in the rhyme of Song Dynasty.(2)The third division of Zhi(止摄),the first and third division of Tong(通摄),the second,third and forth division of Geng(梗摄),the first and third division of Zeng(曾摄)and all rhymes in Shan(山摄)are separated in Qi Shu Jue,and merged in Tang Shu Shi Yin and poetry.(3)In Qi Shu Jue,the first and third division of Yu(遇摄),Liu(流摄),Zhen(臻摄)are separated.In Tang Shu Shi Yin,the third division are rhymed are not mixed with the first division.In poetry,the rhymes of Yu(遇摄),Liu(流摄)are respectively merged,the third division are merged and the first is separated.(4)The rhymes of Xiao(效摄),Guo(果摄)are separated in Qi Shu Jue while merged in poetry.the rhymes of Xiao(效摄)in Tang Shu Shi Yin are separated in the first and second division while mixed in the third and fourth.(5)The rhymes of Xian(咸摄)are separated in Qi Shu Jue.In Tang Shu Shi Yin,the first-class rhyme,the second-class rhyme and the third fourth rhyme are respectively mixed.In poetry,the third-class rhymes are mixed.In ancient poetry,the first rhymes are mixed with the third’s.In modern poetry,the first rhymes are mixed with the second’s.(6)Nasal endings tend to merge gradually,and entering endings tend to disappear gradually.In the aspect of tone,level tone(平声),rising tone(上声),departing tone(去声),entering tone(入声)in the three kinds of materials are all independent,and there are a small amount of mixed use of rising and departing,level and rising,level and departing,entering and level,rising,departing.This paper compares the special phonetic phenomena in Qi Shu Jue,Tang Shu Shi Yin and the rhyme of Poyang poetry in Song Dynasty with the phonology of Poyang dialect,and finds that there are many similarities among them.In the aspect of initial consonants,such as the mixture of Feng initial and Xiaoxia initial,the division of Ming intitial(明母)and dentate consonants(齿音).In the aspect of rhyme,the separation of Xianshan’s(咸山摄)and Xie’s(蟹摄)first and second division,the misture of Zhen(臻摄),Shen(深摄),Xian(咸摄),Geng(梗摄).In the aspect of tone,such as the mixture of level tone,rising tone and departing tone.