A Phonetic Study Of The Xinhua Zhenyang Dialect Of Xiang Dialect

This paper takes the dialect of Zhenshang Town in Xinhua County,Hunan Province as the research object,and summarizes the phonetic system of Xinhua Zhenshang dialect through field investigation,focusing on using acoustic experiments to analyze the acoustic characteristics of the consonants,vowels,and tones of the dialect,as well as analyzing the age variation.The main conclusions are as follows:In terms of consonants:(1)The evolution of voiced consonants(????)in the Middle Ages.Ancient voiced plosives are more pronounced nowadays:plosives and fricatives,and very few have evolved into affricates,in which the Ding(?)initials has the phenomenon of voiced fluidization.The evolution of ancient voiced affricates is,Cong(?)initials and Chong(?)initials have evolved into affricates and fricatives.The current pronunciation of Shan(?)initials is fricative and plosive.Ancient voiced fricatives are mostly pronounced as fricatives and a few as plosives.(2)Different vowels have a direct influence on the trend of the sound signs of the front stop.The degree of co-pronunciation of plosives is closely related to the location and method of pronunciation.(3)[ts][tsh]and(?)have a higher spectral center of gravity than(?).The lingual sound(?)has the most concentrated energy and is relatively stable,on the contrary,the energy of front tongue[ts][tsh]is relatively dispersed,and the degree of dispersion is relatively high.(4)Among the fricatives,(?)has the longest duration,up to 205ms.The characteristics of the spectral energy distribution of the fricatives are different.In the frequency band of[200-2000]Hz,the spectrum envelope curve of each fricative has a zero point,and the maximum range of energy value is around[35-40]dB.(5)Among the nasal and lateral sounds,the lateral[l]has the longest duration.F1,B1,and B2 are the largest for the root nasal[(?)],F2 for the tip nasal[n]is the largest,and B1 for the bilabial nasal[m]is the smallest.In terms of vowels:(1)The acoustic concentrated spatial distribution of single vowels is basically consistent with the traditional vowel tongue map,and the overall shape is inverted triangle,and found that there is a chain shift[(?)?A?(?)].(2)The internal time difference of each rising diphthong is relatively small.F2 and F3 play an important role in distinguishing diphthongs.Among them,the internal difference parameters of iV-type rising diphthongs and uV-type rising diphtongs are F2C2 or F3C2,and the internal difference parameters of yV-type rising diphtongs are mainly F2C1 and F3C1.The duration of the triple vowel[i(?)u]is longer than that of the descending diphthong[(?)u],and the difference in[i(?)u][(?)u]is concentrated in F3C2.(3)Nasalized vowel(?)has the longest duration.The F1 size of the nasalized vowels is negatively correlated with the level of dispersion.The B1 value of the nasalized vowel is greater than the corresponding accent vowel,and the B2 value of the nasalized vowel is smaller than the corresponding oral vowel.In the low-frequency region of the two-dimensional spectrum,the energy of nasalized vowels is more concentrated than that of oral vowels,and the dispersion of nasalized vowels in the middle and high-frequency regions is higher.(4)Among the nasal vowels,the nasal vowel[in]has the longest duration and[an]is the shortest.The B1 and B2 of the main vowels in the nasal vowels are not much different,and the trend of the two-dimensional spectrum is basically the same.The main vowels[i-][y-]of F1,B1,and B2 in the nasal finals are all greater than the corresponding oral vowels[i][y].The overall spectral energy value of the nasal vowel is greater than the corresponding oral vowel.In terms of tones:(1)Medieval voiceless(??)Rusheng characters are classified as Yinpin(??),Shangsheng(??),Rusheng(??),and Qusheng(??);Medieval sub-voiceless(??)Rusheng characters are classified as Yinping,Qusheng,and Rusheng.In the Medieval voiced(??)Rusheng were classified into Qusheng and Rusheng;the sub-voiced(??)Rusheng were now assigned to Yinping,Qusheng,and Rusheng.(2)There are five types of tones:Yinping,Yangping,Shangsheng,Qusheng,and Rusheng.The values of tones are[33],12],[21],[45],[13].The relationship between the duration of each tone is:Qusheng<Yinping<Shangsheng<Yangping<Rusheng.From the perspective of tonal patterns,Yinping is a middle-level tone,Yangping is a low-increasing tone,the Shangsheng is a low-decreasing tone,and the Qusheng is a high-increasing tone.The fundamental frequency curves of different ages have the same trend.