Research On Differentiated Land Policies In The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Area During The Anti-Japanese War

During the Anti-Japanese War,the communist party of China implemented the land policy of rent reduction and interest reduction in the shaanxi-gansu-ningxia border area,which ensured the landlord's land rights while guaranteeing the peasant's right of tenancy,and won the support of the majority of peasants and landlords.Rent and interest reduction is a united front land policy implemented in the border area of shaanxi,gansu and ningxia during the Anti-Japanese War.The success of this land policy lies in the fact that each region in the border region has adopted specific land problem solutions according to local conditions under the background of rent and interest reduction policy,presenting a pattern of both integrity and taking into account the particularity of different regions.It is the differentiated land policy that plays an important role in winning the support of the people,developing production and persisting in the war of resistance.As far as geographical zoning is concerned,the shaanxi-gansu-ningxia border region has jurisdiction over 31 counties in five regions,namely,yanxian,suide,tri-bian,guanzhong and longdong.Under the background of rent and interest reduction,each subdivision has its own implementation specificity and implementation effect.This paper,from the perspective of land policy subdivision research,takes guanzhong and suide subdivisions as examples to explore the characteristics and effects of land policy in the implementation of guanzhong and suide subdivisions.Guanzhong and suide subdivisions have different historical backgrounds,different land conditions,different implementation status and effects of rent and interest reduction.The guanzhong and suide subdivisions have both the land revolution and the unallocated land.In the areas where the agrarian revolution had been carried out,the focus was on protecting the peasants' land rights,checking the tenancy,ensuring the achievements of the agrarian revolution,and at the same time meeting appropriately the demands of the fugitive landlords for land distribution.On the basis of not changing the original land ownership relationship,the burden of farmers should be reduced and the rights of peasants' tenants should be protected,while the interests of landlords should be protected.However,the specific situation of the two zones is different,and the implementation of the land policy is also manifested in the particularity of zoning:under the rule of the reactionary kuomintang regime,suide zoning was liberated in 1940,so the anti-communist legacy is deep,and the implementation effect of the policy during the land revolution is poor.Although this is objectively unfavorable to the implementation of rent and interest reduction,the peasants have been under the exploitation of landlords for a long time.With the promulgation of rent and interest reduction policy,the determination to fight against landlords plays an irreplaceable role in the implementation of zoning policy.The sub-district government fully mobilized the farmers,organized the farmers to mobilize their enthusiasm,and formulated and constantly amended the sub-district rent reduction and interest rate reduction regulations,flexible settlement of land disputes under different land ownership relations within the sub-district,so by 1943,rent reduction and interest rate reduction in suide sub-district has been more widespread and thorough implementation;Guanzhong Soviet area was the earliest special zone established by the communist party of China.Although it was cancelled halfway,most of it was recovered in 1936 when xi'an incident happened,and guanzhong area was established.In addition,before the policy of rent reduction and interest rate reduction was carried out in guanzhong district,the land policy had been reformed for a few times in a small part,and no longer overemphasized the struggle against the landlord class,which objectively laid a foundation for the implementation of the policy of rent reduction and interest rate reduction in the district.But the guanzhong partition the landlord in the friend zone,after very farmer policies issued,farmers must situation makes partition the mistake think no rent to pay the rent is actually rent increases,and the cadre of policy did not fully understand,zoning laws nor be formulated timely and targeted and specific,makes the guanzhong partition very farmer sports started relatively late,common degree is inferior to suide partition.By comparison with the advantages of two partition policy background,the guanzhong is suide partitions have political advantage,but very farmer effect over the same period less than suide partitions,land policy is mainly due to the two partitions in the specific content of the specific problems in the formulation and implementation process of the differences and solutions,so as to give us understand very farmer border region during the Anti-Japanese War in play huge value provides a new train of thought and enlightenment.To give full play to the role of rent reduction and interest rate reduction,we must fully mobilize the masses in the sub-areas and mobilize the enthusiasm of the peasants in the struggle,safeguard the interests of the landlords and maintain the stability of the border areas' political power,promote the perfection of the land legislation in the sub-areas and realize the governance of the political power according to law,improve the understanding of the policies of the cadres and implement the effective leadership of the party.The implementation effect of differentiated land policy inspires us to solve the problems of agriculture,rural areas and farmers:we must adhere to the truth from facts,adhere to the mass line,adhere to the rule of law.