A Study On The Dilemma, Care Pressure And Social Support Of Families With Autism In Shanghai

Autism,also known as autism,as a special category of disability,has not yet found an effective cure,so once it occurs,it means lifelong disability.This is a lifelong challenge for autistic patients and a protracted struggle for autistic families.In the report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the shortcomings of the people 's livelihood should be filled in to promote social fairness and justice.At the same time,the 13 th Five-Year Plan for Disabled Persons(2016-2020)also pointed out that the cause of disabled people is still a shortcoming of social undertakings,and the supply-side reform and development of disabled people's services are still lagging behind,so more disabled people Social security and providing them with more complete public services are the development direction of the cause of the disabled during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period.Under the guidance of the central government,Shanghai has achieved certain achievements in the cause of persons with disabilities,and has been rated as a national model city for the work of persons with disabilities and a national model city for barrier-free.However,there are still special mental disabilities such as autism.Due to the lack of public awareness,imperfect service measures,and insufficient social security,due to the lack of relevant censuses,we do not know much about the situation of this group,and it is difficult to provide targeted services and adequate guarantees.Against this background,what is the current state of life of autistic patients and their families? What difficulties does this group face? What are the main factors affecting these dilemmas? What are their most urgent and important needs? How to solve these difficulties from the root? These are the problems that need to be solved urgently.The first survey was conducted first.Through the survey,it was found that most of the autistic patients were in moderate to severe condition.Except for the compulsory education stage,the rest were basically recuperated at home;the caregivers were mainly women,and most of them were in college And above;while the income of autistic families is generally not high,and marriage,work,and social aspects have been affected to varying degrees.The current core dilemma of autistic families is the pressure of care.After understanding the core dilemma,the next question to be answered is how to solve it.On the basis of the aforementioned research,a supplementary survey was conducted.Through the supplementary survey,it was found that autistic families are indeed facing great care pressure and parental pressure,and the level of social support is low.Through regression analysis of the data,it is found that the social support control material pressure has a significant negative effect,and the parental pressure control material pressure has a significant positive effect.The care pressure of autistic families can be relieved by increasing the social support of autistic families and reducing the parental pressure of parents.Finally,the current autism welfare policies at the national and Shanghai levels are sorted out,and the policy objectives and directions of encouraging social forces to participate,accelerating the development of care services,and solving poverty are clearly identified,and the current policy deficiencies are found.Then introduced the practice of autism services in Japan and the United States.First,it introduces Japan's related guarantees for autistic patients and their families from the perspective of welfare and home services,and secondly introduces the operation mode of American autism service agencies.Finally,four experiences from Japan and the United States are summed up for our reference.First,the government plays a leading role,second,it fully mobilizes social forces,third,the detailed service division is the direction of development,and fourth,it strengthens social publicity.Secondly,the three service models included in the social support mechanism are introduced from three aspects: implementation subject,supporting funds and talent support,and three models are proposed to complement and complement each other,forming a “based on family mutual assistance,institutional services and Home service is a supplement to the “social support pattern”.Regarding the better operation of the aforementioned social support mechanism and the findings in the research,relevant policy recommendations were proposed.The recommendations include five points: redefining the categories of autism and disability,formulating independent policies and regulations;and comprehensively conducting autistic families Census;establishment of autism service institutions;strengthening of relevant professional construction and improvement of relevant personnel training;establishment of mutual aid welfare system,and integration into China's social welfare system.